404 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART III. 
which are absent from Australia proper. Such of these as are 
common to the Malay archipelago as a whole, have been already 
noted; we shall here confine ourselves more especially to the 
groups peculiar to the region, which are almost all either 
Australian or Austro-Malayan, the Pacific Islands and New 
Zealand being very poor in insect life. 
Lepidoptera.—Australia itself is poor in butterflies, except in 
its northern and more tropical parts, where green Ornithoptere 
and several other Malayan forms occur. In South Australia 
there are less than thirty-five species, whereas in Queensland there 
are probably over a hundred. The peculiar Australian forms 
are few. In the family Satyride, Xenica and Heteronympha, 
with Hypocista extending to New Guinea; among the Lyce- 
nid, Ogyris and Utica are confined to Australia proper, and 
Hypochrysops to the region; and in Papilionide, the remark- 
able Eurycus is confined to Australia, but is allied to Huryades, 
a genus found in Temperate South America (La Plata), and to 
the Parnassius of the North-Temperate zone. 
The Austro-Malay sub-region has more peculiar forms. Hama- 
dryas, a genus of Danaide, approximates to some South American 
forms ; Hyades and Hyantis are remarkable groups of Morphide; 
Mynes and Prothoé are fine Nymphalide, the former extending to 
Queensland ; Dicallaneura, a genus of Erycinide, and Elodina, 
of Pieride, are also peculiar forms. The fine geus group of 
Papilio, and Priamus group of Ornithoptera, also belong exclu- 
sively to this region. 
Xois is confined to the Fiji Islands, Bletogona to Celebes, and 
Acropthalmia to New Zealand, all genera of Satyride. Seven- 
teen genera in all are confined to the Australian region. 
Among the Sphingina, Pollanisus, a genus of Zygenide, is 
Australian ; also four genera of Castniide—Synemon, Huschemon, 
Damias, and Cocytia, the latter being confined to the Papuan 
islands. The occurrence of this otherwise purely South American 
family in the Australian region, as well as the affinity of Zurycus 
and Huryades noticed above, is interesting ; but as we have seen 
that the genera and families of insects are more permanent than 
those of the higher animals, and as the groups in question are 
