CHAP. XIII. ] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION. 427 
Celebes as far as at present known, though many small species 
may yet be discovered. 
1. Cynopithecus nigrescens. 7. Barbirusa alfurus. 
2. Tarsius spectrum. 8. Sciurus (5 peculiar sp.) 
3. Viverra tangalunga. 9. Mus (2 peculiar sp.) 
4. Cervus hippelaphus. 10. Cuscus (2 peculiar sp.) 
5. Anoa depressicornis. Also 7 species of bats, of 
6. Sus celebensis. which 5 are peculiar. 
The first—a large black ape—is itself an anomaly, since it is 
not closely allied to any other form of quadrumana. Its flat 
projecting muzzle, large superciliary crests and maxillary ridges, 
with the form and appearance of its teeth, separate it altogether 
from the genus Macacus, as represented in the Indo-Malay isl- 
ands, and ally it closely to the baboons of Africa.‘ We have al- 
ready seen reason to suppose that it has been carried to Batchian, 
and there is some doubt about the allied species or variety (C. 
niger) of the Philippines being really indigenous there; in which 
case this interesting form will remain absolutely confined to Cel- 
ebes. (2.) The tarsier is a truly Malayan species, but it is said to 
occur in a small island at the northern extremity of Celebes and 
on some of the Philippine islands. It might possibly have been 
introduced there. (3) and (4)—a civet and a deer—are, almost cer- 
tainly, as in the Moluccas, introduced species. (5.) Anoa depressicor- 
nis. This is one of the peculiar Celebesian types; a small straight- 
horned wild-bull, anatomically allied to the buffaloes, and some- 
what resembling the bovine antelopes of Africa, but having no 
near allies in the Oriental region. (6.) Sus Celebensis; a peculiar 
species of wild-pig. 7.) Babirusa alfurus ; another remarkable 
type, having no near allies. It differs in its dentition from the 
typical Suide, and seems to approach the African Phacocheeride. 
The manner in which the canines of the upper jaw are reversed, 
and grow directly upwards in a spiral curve over the eyes, is 
unique among mammalia. (8.) Five squirrels inhabit Celebes, and 
all are peculiar species. (9.) These are forest rats of the sub-genus 
Gymnomys, allied to Australian species. 10. Cuscus. This typical 
1 The general form of the skull agrees best with that of Cynocephalus 
mormon, the largest and most typical of the African baboons ; while the 
position of the nostrils brings it nearer the macaques. 
