490 
INDEX. 
Animals, rapid multiplication of, 10 
Anisacodon, N. American Tertiary, 137 
Anoa of Celebes, peculiarities of, 428 
Anoplotheriide, European Miocene, 119 
Anoplotherium, European Miocene, 119 
European Eocene, 126 
S. American Eocene, 148 
Anseres, arrangement of, 98 
peculiar Palearctic genera, 250 
peculiar Ethiopian geneva of, 313 
peculiar Australian genera of, 487 
Antelopes in the Indian Miocene deposits, 122 
birthplace and migrations of, 155 
Palearctic, 182 
Antelotherium, Indian Miocene, 122 
Anthracotheride, N. American Tertiary, 137 
Anthracotheriwm, European Miocene, 119 
Antiacodon, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Antilles, Pliocene Mammalia of, 148 
Antilope, Post-Pliocene, 112 
in Brazilian caves, 144 
Antiquity of the genera of insects, 166 
of the genera of land and freshwater 
shells, 168 
Aphanapteryx of Mauritius, 164 
Aphelotheriwm, European Eocene, 125 
Aquila, European Mivcene, 161 
Archeopteryz, Bavarian Oolite, 163 
Arctic zone not a separate region, 68 
Arctocyon, European Eocene, 125 
Arctodus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 
Arctomys, European Pliocene, 113 
Arctotherium in Brazilian caves, 144 
§8. American Pliocene, 146 
Argus pheasant, figure of, 339 
peculiarity in display of plumage, and 
confirmation of Mr. Darwin’s views, 
340 
Artiodactyla, European Eocene, 126 
N. American Tertiary, 137 
S. American Pliocene, 146 
Arvicola, European Pliocene, 113 
in Brazilian caves, 145 
S. American Pliocene, 147 
S. American Eocene, 148 
Auchena, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 
Auckland Islands, birds of, 455 
Australia, physical features of, 387 
Australia and S. America, supposed land con- 
nection between, 39S 
Australian region, description of, 387 
zoological characteristics of, 360 
mammalia of, 390 
birds of, 391 
reptiles of, 396 
amphibia of, 397 
fresh-water fish of, 397 
summary of vertebrata of, 297 
supposed land-connection of with 8. Ame- 
Tica, 398 
insects of, 403 
lepidoptera of, 404 
coleoptera of, 405 
land shells of, 407 
sub-regions of, 408 
early history of, 465 
Australian sub-region, mammalia of, 438 
illustration of mammalia of, 439 
birds of, 440 
illustration of fauna of, 441 
Austro-Malayan sub-region, physical features 
of, 388 
zoology of, 409 
Aye-aye, figure of, 278 
Azores, visited by European birds, 17 
birds of, 207 
Azores, butterflies of, 207 
beetles of, 207, 209 
peculiarly modified birds of, 207 
stragglers to, 208 
how stocked with animal life, 208 
B 
Babirusa of Celebes, peculiarities of, 425 
Badger, figure of, 195 
Balena, European Pliocene, 112 
Balwnodon, European Pliocene, 112 
Baly, Mr., on Phytophaga of Japan, 230 
Banca, its pecnliar species and solution of a 
problem in distribution, 356 
Barriers, as affecting distribution, 6 
permanence of, as affecting distribution, 7 
to the dispersal of birds, 17 
Bates, Mr., on Carabide of Japan, 228 
on Longicorns of Japan, 230 
Bathmodon, N. American Tertiary, 13€ 
Bathrodon, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Batrachia, Tertiary, 165 
Bats, powers of flight of, 15 
classification of, 87 
of New Zealand, 450 
Bears, probable cause of absence of, from 
tropical Africa, 291 ~ 
Beaver, N. American Tertiary, 140 
~ Beetles, families selected for study, 103 
from the Lias, 167 
of Azores, 207 
of Japan, 228 
Belemioziphius, European Pliocene, 112 
Belt, Mr., his theory of a great Siberian lake 
during the glacial epoch, 218 
on change of climate caused by diminu- 
tion of obliquity of ecliptic, 466 
Birds, means of dispersal of, 15 
dispersal of by winds, 16 
American, found in Enrope, 16 
reaching the Azores, 17 
barriers to dispersal of, 17 
limited by forests, 17 
classification of, 93 
Miocene of Greece, 116 
extinct, 160 
fossil of Palearctic region, 161 
European of Miocene period, 161 
Eocene of Europe, 162 
relations of, 162 
extinct of North America, 163 
recently extinct in New Zealand, 164 
Cretaceous of N. America, 164 
remains of in Brazilian caves, 164 
recently extinct in Madagascar and the 
Mascarene Islands, 164 
cosmopolitan groups of, 176 
numerous genera, Palearctic, 183° 
of the European sub-region, 193 
northern range of in Europe, 193 
of the zone of pine forests, 194 
of Iceland, 198 
of the Mediterranean sub-region, 203 
of Malta, 206 (note) 
of Azores, 207 
of the Cape Verd Islands, 215 
of Siberian sub-region, 219 
Oriental found in Siberia, 219 
extreme northern Asiatic, 219 
of northern Asiatic forests, 220 
of the Manchurian sub-region, 223 
Palearctic genera of, in the Manchurian 
sub-region, 224 
