496 
Insects, tenacity of life of, 33 
adapted to special conditions, 33 
groups selected for the study of their 
geographical distribution, 102 
antiquity of the genera of, 166 
fossil of European Miocene, 166 
European Cretaceous, 167 
European Wealden, 167 
Paleozoic, 168 
Palearctic, 187 
of Central Europe, 196 
of the Mediterranean sub-region, 205 
of the Siberian sub-region, 220 
of the Manchurian sub-region, 227 
of the Ethiopian region, 255 
of the East African sub-region, 260 
of West Africa, 265 
8. African, 268 
of Madagascar, 282 
general remarks on, 284 
of tropical Africa and America, probable 
eause of similarities in, 291 
of Indo-Chinese sub-region, 332 
of the Oriental region, 318+ 
of Ceylon, 327 
of Indo-Malay sub-region, 341 
statistics of collecting in the various 
islands of the Malay Archipelago, 343 
of the Australian region, 403 
of New Guinea, 417 
of the Moluceas, 420 
of Timor group, 426 
of Celebes, 454 
of New Zealand, 458 
scarcity of, in New Zealand, 462 
influence of on the flora, 463 
Insectivora, European Miocene, 117 
N. American Post-Pliocene, 129 
N. American Tertiary, 133 
Insectivora, classification of, 87 
of the Palearctic region, 181 
of N. China and E. Thibet, 222 
range of Palearctic genera of, 239 
of Madagascar, 273 
range of Ethiopian genera of, 301 
of the Oriental region, 315 
range of Oriental genera of, 372 
range of Australian genera of, 476 
Isacis, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Ischyromys, N. American Tertiary, 140 
Islands, N. European, zoology of, 197 
of the Mediterranean sub-region, 206 
of the West African sub-region, 265 
of Ethiopian region, 269 
Mascarene, 280 
of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, 333 
of Indo-Malay sub-region, 345 
Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, 443 
Society and Marquesas, 444 
New Caledonia and New Hebrides, 445 
Sandwich, 446 
of New Zealand sub-region, 453 
Norfolk, 453 
Lord Howe’s, 454 
Chatham, 454 
Auckland, 455 
Issiodromys, European Pliocene, 113 
J. 
Jacchus, in Brazilian caves, 144 
Japan and North China, physical features of, 
221 
southern extremity of perhaps belongs to 
the Oriental region, 226 
INDEX. 
Japan, general character of the fauna of, 230 
former land-connexions of, 231 
Java, mammalia of, 349 
productions of, well-known, 350 
birds of, 351° 
representative species of birds in, 352 
origin of the anomalous features of its 
fauna, 352 
Sumatra and Borneo, their geographical 
contrasts and zoological peculiarities 
explained, 357 
Junonia, European Miocene, 167 
K. 
Kakapoe, of New Zealand, 455 
Kangaroos, extinct in Australia, 157 
Kerguelen ihe apterous insects of, 211 
(note 
Kevodon, in Brazilian caves, 144 
8S. American Pliocene, 147 
King-fisher, racquet-tailed, of New Guinea, 
figure of, 415 
Kiwi of New Zealand, 455 
Koodoo antelope, figure of, 261 
L. 
Lacertilia, classification of, 99 
Ladrone Islands, birds of, 444 
Lagomys, European Pliocene, 113 
European Miocene, 120 
Lagostomus, in Brazilian caves, 145 
S. American Pliocene, 147 
Lake Baikal, seals of, 218 
Land and water, proportions of, 35 
Land and fresh-water shells, antiquity of the 
genera of, 168 
Land-shells, Paleozoic, 169 
Palearctic, 190 
of Madeira, 209 
of the Cape Verd Islands, 215 
of the Ethiopian region, 257 
of W. Africa, 265 
of Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, 
285 
of Indo-Malay sub-region, 344 
of the Australian region, 407 
of Sandwich Islands, 446 
of New Zealand, 459 
Lanius, European Miocene, 161 
Laopithecus, N .American Tertiary, 133 
Laornis, N. American Cretaceous, 164 
Lemuria, a hypothetical land, 76 
Lamuravide, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Lemuravus, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Lemuride, European Eocene, 124 
Lemuroidea, range of Ethiopian genera of, 300 
range of Oriental genera of, 371 
Lepictis, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Lepidoptera, cosmopolitan families of, 177 
table of Palearctic families of, 238 
8. African, 268 
table of Ethiopian families of, 299 
of the Oriental region, 318 
table of Oriental families of, 369 
of the Australian region, 404 
table of Australian families of, 472 
Leptarchus, N. American Tertiary, 135 
Leptauchenia, N. American Tertiary, 138 
Leptocherus, N. American Tertiary, 137 
Leptodon, Miocene of Greece, 116 
Leptomeryx, N. American Tertiary, 138 
Leptoptilus, European Miocene, 162 
