INDEX. 
499 
N. 
Nanohyus, N. American Tertiary, 137 
Nosua, in Brazilian caves, 144 
Nearctic region, defined, 79 
subdivisions of, 80 
distinct from Palearctic, 79 
Necrornis, European Miocene, 161 
Neotropical region, defined, 78 
subdivisions of, 78 
relations of W. African sub-region with, 265 
Nesodon, 8S. American Pliocene, 147 
Newton, Professor, on position of Menuride 
and Atrichiide, 95 
on birds of Iceland, 198 
New Caledonia, birds of, 444 
New Guinea, zoology of, 409 
mamimalia of, 410 
birds of, 411 
peculiarities of its ornithology, 413 
illustration of ornithology of, 414 
reptiles and amphibia of, 415 
insects of, 416 
New Zealand, objections to making a primary 
zoological region, 62 
extinct birds of, 164 
sub-region, description of, 449 
compared with British Isles, 449 
mammailia of, 451 
islets of, 453 
illustration of ornithology of, 455 
reptiles of, 456 
amphibia of, 457 
fresh-water fish of, 457 
insects of, 458 
Longicorns of, 458 
Myriapoda of, 458 
land-shells of, 459 
ancient fauna of, 460 
origin of fauna of, 460 
poverty of insects in, 462 
relations of insect-fauna and flora, 472 
Nicobar Islands, their zoological relations, 332 
Nightingale, migration of the, 21 
Norfolk Island, birds of, 453 
North America, remarks on Post-Pliocene 
fauna of, 130 
Post-Pliocene fauna of, partly derived from 
8S. America, 131 
extinct birds of, 163 
North Africa, zoological relations of, 202 
Notharctos, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Notornis of New Zealand, 455 
Nototherium, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 
Oo. 
Ochotherium, in Brazilian caves, 145 
Octodontidw, S. American Pliocene, 147 
Ophidia, classification of, 99 
Opisthocomus, Brazilian caves, 164 
Opossum, extinct, in European Miocene, 121 
Oreodon, N. American Tertiary, 138 
Oreodontide, N. American Tertiary, 138 
Oriental region, defined, 75 
subdivisions of, 75 
description of, 314 
zoological features of, 315 
mammalia of, 315 
birds of, 316 
reptiles of, 317 
amphibia of, 317 
fresh-water fishes of, 318 
summary of vertebrata, 318 
insects of, 318 
sub-regions of, 321 
Oriental region, concluding remarks on, 362 
tables of distribution of animals of, 364 
Oriental relations of W. African sub-region, 265 
Oriental and Palearctic faunas once identical, 
362 
Oriental and Ethiopian faunas, cause of their 
resemblances, 363 
Orohippus, N. American Tertiary, 136 
Ostrich, Miocene of N. India, 162 
Otaria, European Miocene, 118 
Ovibos, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 
Oxen, birthplace and migrations of, 155 
Palearctic, 182 
Oxyena, N. American Tertiary, 134 
Oxygomphus, European Miocene, 118 
Oxymycterus, in Brazilian caves, 145 
S. American Pliocene, 147 
P. 
Pachyena, N. American Tertiary, 134 
Pachynolophus, European Eocene, 126 
Pachytheriwm, in Brazilian caves, 145 
Palearctic region, defined, 71 
subdivisions of, 71 
general features of, 180 
zoological characteristics of, 181 
has few peculiac families, 181 
mammalia of, 181 
birds of, 182 
high degree of speciality of, 184 
reptiles and amphibia of, 186 
fresh-water fish of, 186 
summary ot vertebrata of, 186 
insects of, 186 
coleoptera of, 187 
number of coleoptera of, 189 
land-shells of, 190 
sub-regions of, 190 
general conclusions on the fauna of, 231 
tables of distribution of animals of, 233 
Paleucodcn, N. American Tertiary, 133 
Palwetus, European Miocene, 162 
Palegithalus, European Eocene, 162 
Palelodus, European Miocene, 162. 
Paleocastor, N. American Tertiary, 140 
Paleocercus, European Miocene, 162 
Paleocherus, European Miocene, 119 
Paleohierax, European Miocene, 162 
Palewolagus, N. American Tertiary, 140 
Palwolama,S. American Pliocene, 147 
Paleomephitis, European Miocene, 118 
Paleomeryx, Europear Miocene, 120 
Pcaleomys, European Miocene, 121 
Paleontina oolitica, Oolitic insect, 167 
Paleontology, 107 
how best studied in its bearing on geo- 
graphical distribution, 168 
as an introduction to the study of geo- 
graphical distribution, concluding re- 
marks on, 169 
Paleonyctis, European Eocene, 125 
Paleoperdix, European Miocene, 161 
Paleophrynus, European Miocene, 166 
Palworeas, Miocene of Greece, 116 
Paleortyx, European Miocene, 161 
Paleoryx, Miocene of Greece, 116 
Paleospalax, 111 
European Miocene, 117 
Paleosyops, N. American Tertiary, 136 
Paleotheridw, European Eocene, 125 
Paleotherium, European Eocene, 125 
S. American Eocene, 148 
Paleotragus, Miocene of Greece, 116 
Paleotringa, N. American Cretaceous, 164 
