494 



INDEX. 



Ethiopian region, general features of, 251, 



zoolOo'ical characteristics of, 2b'J 



mammalia of, 253 



great speciality of, 253 



birds of, 253 



reptiles of, 254 



amphibia of, 255 



fresh-water fish of, 255 



summary of vertebrates of, 255 



insects of, 255 



coleoptera of, 256 



terrestrial mollusca of, 257 



sub-regions of, 258 



Atlantic islands of, 269 



the probable past history of, 285 



tables of distribution of animals of, 293 

 Eumys, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Euphractvs, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Europe, recent changes in physical geography 

 of, 39 



Miocene fauna of Central, 117 



Miocene fauna of, allied to existing fauna 

 of tropical Asia and Africa, 124 

 European sub-region, description of, 191 



forests of, 192 



mammalia of, 192 



biids of, 193 



reptiles and amphibia of, 195 



fresh-water fish of, 196 



insects of, 196 



islands of, 197 

 Euryceros of Madagascar, figure of, 278 

 Ewydon, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Euri/therium, European Eocene, 126 

 Eutatus, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Eutelodon, European Eocene, 126 

 EiUemnodus, S. American Eocene, 148 

 Extinct mammalian fauna of Europe, general 

 considerations on, 126 



mammalia of N. America and Europe, 

 comparison of, 140 



mammalia of the Antilles, 148 



mammalia of Old and New -Worlds, 

 general remarl^s on, 148 



fauna of New Zealand, 459 

 Extinction of large animals, causes of, 158 



Fauna of Japan, general character and affini- 

 ties of, 230 



of Palsearctic region, general conclusions 

 as to, 231 



extinct, of Madagascar and Mascarene 

 Islands, 282 



Malayan, probable origin of, 359 



Moluccan, peculiarities of, 419 



Timorese, origin of, 422 



of Celebes, origin of, 436 



of New Zealand, origin of, 460 

 Fdis spelcea, 110 

 Felis, Jliocene of Greece, 115 



European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene, 121 



N. American Post-Pliocene, 129 



in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Fernando Po, zoological features of, 265 

 Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa Islands, birds of, 443 

 Fishes, means of dispersal of, 29 



classification of, 101 



cosmopolitan groups of, 176 



of the Palaearctic region, 186 



of the European sub-region, 196 



of the Mediterranean sub-region, 205 



of the Manchurian sub-region. 227 



Fishes,fresh -water, table of Palaearctic families 

 of, 227 

 of the Ethiopian region, 255 ' 

 of South Africa, 268 

 fresh-water, table of Ethiopian families of, 



298 

 fresh-water, of the Oriental region, 318 

 of the Indo-Malay sub-region, 341 

 fresh-water, table of Oriental families of, 



369 

 fresh-water, of the Australian region, 397 

 fresh-water,resemblance of Australian and 



S. American, 400 

 how the transmission may have taken 



place, 401 

 fresh-water, of New Zealand, 457 

 Flamingoes, European Miocene, 162 

 Flora, of New Zealand, as influenced by scar- 

 city of insects, 462 

 fossil of Australia, 467 

 Flower, Professor, on classification of mam- 

 malia, 85 

 classification of camivora, 87 

 Flying Lemur, Malayan, figure of, 337 

 Flying Opossum, figure of, 442 

 Formosa, zoology of, 332 

 Forests, essential to existence of many Euro- 

 pean animals, 192 

 Siberian, greatest extent of, 216 



Galapagos, scarcity of insects in, 463 

 Galecynus, in European Pliocene, 112 

 Galera, N. American Post- Pliocene, 13 

 Galeospalax, European Miocene, 118 

 Galeotherium, Post-Pliocene, 111 

 Galethylax, European Eocene, 125 

 Galictis, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Gallinae, classification of, 96 



range of Palaearctic genera of, 248 

 range of Ethiopian genera of, 311 

 range of Oriental genera of, 384 

 range of Australian genera of, 485 

 Go.Uus, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Gallus bravardi, European Pliocene, 161 

 Gastornis, European Eocene, 103 

 Genera common to Post-Pliocene and Pliocene 



faunas of N. America, 132 

 Geological history of Oriental region, 362 

 Gibraltar, cave fauna of, 114 

 Glacial epoch, as affecting the distribution of 

 animals, 40 

 as a cause of the great change in the 

 fauna of the temperate zones, since 

 Pliocene times, 151 

 probably simultaneous in both hemi- 

 spheres, 151 

 causing a general subsidence of the 

 ocean, 152 

 Glanditia, Eocene, 169 

 Glossotherium, in Brazilian caves, 145 



S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Glyptodon. S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Gnathopsis, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Goats, Palsearctic. 182 

 Godman, Mr., on Natural History of the 



Azores, 207 

 Golden Moles, S. African, 267 

 Graculavus, N. American Cretaceous, 164 < 

 Gralhf , arrangement of, 97 



peculiar or characteristic Palaearctic ge- 

 nera, 249 

 peculiar Ethiopian genera of, 313 



