INDEX. 



499 



Nanohi/vs, N. American Tertiary, 137 

 2<asua, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Nearctic region, defined, 79 



subdivisions of, 80 



distinct from Palsearctic, 79 

 Necrornis, Eurojiean Miocene, 161 

 Neotropical region, defined, 78 



subdivisions ol, 78 



relations of W. African sub-region with, 265 

 I^'esodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Newton, Professor, on position oi Menuridce 

 and Atrichiidce, 95 



on birds of Iceland, 198 

 New Caledonia, birds of, 444 

 New Guinea, zoology of, 409 



mariiuialia of, 410 



birds of, 411 



peculiarities of its ornithology, 413 



illustration of ornithology of, 414 



reptiles and amphibia of, 415 



insects of, 416 

 New Zealand, objections to making a primary 

 zoological region, 62 



extinct birds of, 164 



sub-region, description of, 449 



compared with British Isles, 449 



mammalia of, 451 



islets of, 453 



illustration of ornithology of, 455 



reptiles of, 456 



amphibia of, 457 



fresh-water tish of, 45T 



insects of, 468 



Longieoms of, 458 



Myriapoda of, 458 



land-shells of, 459 



ancient fauna of, 460 



origin of fauna of, 460 



poverty of insects in, 462 



relations of insect-fauna and flora, 472 

 Nicobar Islands, their zoological relations, 332 

 Nightingale, migration of the, 21 

 Norfolk Island, birds of, 453 

 North America, remarks on Post-Pliocene 

 fauna of, 130 



Post-Pliocene fauna of, partly deri%'ed from 

 S. America, 131 



extinct birds of, 163 

 North Africa, zoological relations of, 202 

 Notharctos, N. American Tertiarj', 133 

 Notomis of New Zealand, 455 

 Noiotherhim, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 



O. 



OchotTierhim, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Octodontidcp, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Ophiriia, classification of, ft9 

 Opislhocomvs, Brazilian caves, 164 

 Opossum, extinct, in European Miocene, 121 

 Oreodon, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Oreodontidce, N. Anieiican Tertiary, 138 

 Oriental region, defined, 75 



subdivisions of, 75 



description of, 314 



zoological features of, 315 



mammalia of, 315 



birds of, 310 



reptiles of, 317 



amphibia of, 317 



fresh-water fishes of, 318 



.summary of vertebrata, 318 



insects of, 318 



sub-regions of, 321 



Oriental region, concluding remarks on, 362 

 tables of distribution of animals of, 364 

 Oriental relations of W. African sub-region, 265 

 Oriental and Pala;arctic faunas once itlentical, 



362 

 Oriental and Ethiopian faunas, cause of their 



resemblances, 363 

 Orohippus, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Ostrich, Miocene of N. India, 162 

 Otaria, European Miocene, 118 

 Ovibos, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 

 Oxen, birthplace and migrations of, 155 



Palaarctic, 182 

 Oxycena, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Oxygomphns, European Miocene, 118 

 Oxymyctenis, in Brazilian caves 145 

 S. American Pliocene, 147 



P. 



PacTiyana, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Pachynolophus, European Eocene, 126 

 Pachytherium, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Palaearctic region, defined, 71 



subdivisions of, 71 



general features of, 180 



zoological characteristics of, 181 



has few peculiac families, 181 



mammalia of, 181 



birds of, 182 



high degree of speciality of, 184 



reptiles and amphibia of, 186 



fresh-water fish of, 186 



summary ot vertebrata of, 186 



insects of, 186 



coleoptera of, 1S7 



number of coleoptera of, 189 



land-shells of, lUO 



sub-regions of, 190 



general conclusions on the fauna of, 231 



tables of distribution of animals of, 233 

 PalcEucodcn, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Palceetvs, European Miocene, 162 

 Palcegithulvx, European Eocene, 162 

 Pakelodns, European Miocene. 162 

 Palceocastor, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 PolceoceTcv.s. European Miocene, 162 

 Palceochmnis, European Miocene, 119 

 Palceohierax, European Miocene, 162 

 PalcKoIagus, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 PaIceolama,S. American Pliocene, 147 

 PalcEomephitis, European Miocene, 118 

 Palceomeryx, Euro])eap Miocene, 120 

 Pclceomys, European Miocene, 121 

 Patceontina coUlica, Oolitic insect, 167 

 Paleeontology, 107 



how best studied in its bearing on geo- 

 graphical distribution, 168 



as an introduction to the study of geo- 

 graphical distribution, concluding re- 

 marks on, 160 

 Palcronydls, European Eocene, 125 

 Palcfoperdix, European Miocene, 161 

 Palceoi?iri,iiits. Euio])tan Miocene, 166 

 Pala-oreas, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palcrortyx, European Miocene, 161 

 Palaoryx, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 PalKospalax, 111 



European Miocene, 117 

 Paln:osyops, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Palmotherido', Eurojtean Eocene, 125 

 Palaotherium, European Eocene, 125 



S. American Eocene, 148 

 Pala'ofragvs, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palceotringa, N. American Cretaceous, 164 



