1911] BOWERS’ RECORD : 7 
layed one at a time, by daylight from 11 A.M. to 3 P.M.—and by 
candle-lamp from 4.30 P.M. to 7.45 P.M. We made only 3% 
miles in the day. The surface was soft and sandy, and though 
always crusted, always let one through an inch or two, as well as 
the sledge runners. 
Heavy subsidences were continual all day, and the surface 
seemed to give way more when we were on the edges of the softer 
sandy patches. They were not extensive as a rule as far as one 
could judge, but they were exceptionally frequent—much more 
so than I have known them in the summer. ‘There was no reason 
to think they dropped more than 4 to % inch. The temp. to-day 
ranged from — 55° in the morning to — 61-6° at lunch and — 66° 
on camping for the night. We had calm weather all day, and 
some aurora to watch in the E. and from N.E. to S. during the 
march. 
[ June 30.—Relaying all day—surface awful. It does not look 
as if we could pull this off. Last night was record sledging tem- 
perature — 75° on sledge, — 69° under sledge.* I was in big bag 
and most of night shivered till back seemed to break, then warm 
for half minute and then on again the same thing: turned right 
over, froze in and got a little sleep. Feet liable to go. One 
big toe went and I don’t know for how long. ] 
Saturday, July 1, 1911.—We turned out at 7.30 A.M. No 
dawn was visible, but at 10.45 A.M., when we got away, we were 
able to relay by daylight, and continued so until 3 p.m. After 
lunch we relayed by candle lamp from 4.15 P.M. to 7.45 P.M. 
The surface was like sand, and so heavy that we could only slowly 
move one sledge along. Subsidences very frequent all day. We 
made only 21%4 miles in all. [Bill and Birdie very unselfish and 
helpful—impossible to wear glasses and so I am handicapped. ] 
Between 5 P.M. and 7 P.M. there was a very fine aurora, large 
beams making very extensive curtains from E. to S. up to an 
altitude of 45°, and with characteristic black sky beneath the 
arches. The colour was a very orange yellow. 
Erebus smoke has been difficult to see, no long stream of 
smoke, but very small puffs apparently going eastward each day. 
The min. temp. last night was — 69°, and to-day we had 
—66-6° in the morning and —60-5° at 10 P.M. Light south- 
* Wilson gives this under July 1 for the night of June 30. For the lowest tempera- 
ture met, see under July 6. 
