PoMonous Snokes of tho World 



hinliiliiitiiin: .Niirlhciixlfi'ii liidlii In siiiillicilsti'l'li 

 I'lihin, IncliiilliiK Tiilwiiii mill lliiliinii, lliciico Noiith 

 tliroilKli tlu' Siiiulii Ai'clil|M'liiKi>. Ki'i'i|iii>nls IIkIiII.v 

 wixiiIimI i«i- tinisli.v nrfiiM ; ruiiiiiioii nii lilllsltli's Iml rare 

 iiliovi' I, MM) fi'i'l : i>rii-ii fimiid iiImiiiI Iiiiiiiiui lialilliilioiis 

 llli'liiiliiiL,' smImii'Iiiim k'lil'ilriis. 



Indian Green Tree Viper, 7'ii/iu;rtiiiriti (/niiiiliiriii 

 (Slmw). 



Iilintitliiilinii: lUlTfis Iroiii till" ollu-r Asian Kri-eii 

 pit vipiTs 111 Hint most of till' (Inrsal scnlrs aro siimotli. 

 ki'i'ls lii'liiy iiri'si'iil niilv nil ;i t'cw posi iTicir rows. 



(ti'i'iMi usually Willi iliii'i<i'r Ili'iUiiii; ; lii;lit iatcral lino 

 Irri'tfiilar : t'Uil of tnii trri'iiisli ; iris nf cyr yi'llnw i sec 

 plalf I\'. IIk. .Hi. 



AvcrilKC li'ii);lli '2'i In ;ili iiii'lii's: iii:i\iiiiuiii Mi imlii'S. 



IHstiihiiliiiii : I'i'iiiiisiiliir liiili:i. cliii'liy in liilly ciiiiii- 

 ti-y with lU'iisc iiiKlciKriiwIli. 



I'liiiiiiLs: Tlic lialiils nf tlii'sc MrlinicMl Kreen vipers 

 iippcMi- 111 lie iiiiicli tilt' sniiic. All are chiefly active at 

 iiIkIiI reiiiaiiiiii;; cniled in veKetntinn (ir hidden under 

 liarU nr ntlier cnver during the day. They nsunlly re- 

 main (jiiiet when apprnaclied. Imt nfteii sIriUe if touched 

 or otherwise threatened. They are report«>d to he a 

 leadiiiK cause of siiakehite accidents in Taiwan. .Tava. 

 and Thailand, rersons picking tea. cuttiii;; liniiihoo, or 

 clearing uiideriirowth are most often in.jured. Fatalities 

 are unknown anion:; adults, liul have heeii rejiorted in 

 children. 



.\n antiveiiin a;;ainst '■Triiiurc-iunin i/raDiiiicKs" 

 venom was produced hy the Taiwan Simumi Vac<iiie La- 

 boratory. Taii>ei. Since true T. f/r'niiiiirioi does not 

 occur on Taiwan, the antiveiiin was prohahly for use 

 acainst the venom of T. strjiirr/rri, the common green 

 tree vijier of the island. 



So far as known, the tree vipers are live-lieariiij; : 

 there are fi to 2.'i yountc in a litter. 



Mangrove Viper, T r'niiffcxii nis jDiriiurcDiiiitritJii- 

 tiis (Vivwy). 



fdriitifiriiUcii : fieiieral body build about the same as 

 that of the green tree vipers; usuall.v 2."i or 27 scale 

 rows at midhody vs. IV) or 21 in the green vipers. 



Color variable — one common variet.v purplish brown 

 with or without a whitish lateral line and with or with- 

 out green spots. Another color phase is olive or gray 

 irregularly spotted with brown. Tail uniformly brown 

 or spotted gray ami brown; belly white more or less 

 i-loiided with brown. 



Average length .SO to .S."i inches, niaximum about 40 

 inches. 



ni.sliihiitiiin : ?jast Hengal, southern Burma. JIalay 

 Peninsula. Sumatra and Andaman islands. Largely re- 

 stricted to the seacoast and to islands; particularly com- 

 mon ill mangrove swamps. 



i;<iiiiirl:.t: Tsually found in low vegetation or anuuig 

 rocks. .V fairly common cause of snakebite in coastal 

 Malaya, but fatalities have not been recorded. There 

 is no antiveiiin against the venom of this snake. 



Sea snakes present in this fegion are discussed 

 in riiapter VIII. 



REFERENCES 



r.( )l l;i;l'', r, kcnc \'X\i\. Lcs .Sd-pents (le rindo- 

 rliiiie. II. j'aNllsan: 'I'lill louse, l! \ols. \<)l. 

 I, III pp., II i\<ss.; vol. II, M)r, pp., iSi) fifrs. 



|)KK.\MV.\(i.\L.\, 1'. Iv P. limn. The'l'axnn- 

 oiiiy of I he ('olir;is of .Soul jieasl em .\sia. 

 Spoli;i Zcylanicii, \()l. -J.'.), pp. 11 <>;',, lifr. 1, 

 pis. I I. HK'il. The Tii.x-onoiny of llic Coliras 

 of .'-^oiii licaslrrn Asia, Part 2. ihld.. vo]. 29, 

 p;irl L', pp. :>()') 2'.V2, fifjs. 1-.*], pis. 1-2. 



Il.V.VS, ('. P. J. De. 10.50. Cliecklist of tho 

 Snakes of llie Iiido-.\iisl i iilinii Ai'cliipelago. 

 Treiiliia, vol. \>l), pp. r>\\-C,-2r,. 



II.MI.K, X. S. i;);")H. The Snakes of I'.orneo witli 

 a ICey to the Species. Sarawak Mus. Jotir., 

 vol. 8 (12 n.s.), i)p. 7i;V7Tl, pis. 22-23, 

 figs. a-li. 



MINT()N,Sheiinan .\. Ji-. 1900. A Contrilmf ion 

 to tiie Ilerpetoloiry of "West Pakistan. Bnll. 

 Amer. Mns. Xat. Hist., vol. lU, art. 2, pp. 

 27-184, fifi.s. 1-2, pis. 9-3fi. 



IJO^fER, J. 1). 1901. Annotated Checklist with 

 Keys to the Snakes of Honjj Kong. Mem. 

 Hong Kong Xat. Hist. Soc. (5) : pp. 1-14. 



ROOLT, Nelly De. 1917. The Reptiles of the 

 Indo-Ansti-alian Archipelago, vol. II, Ophi- 

 dia. E. J. Brill; Leiden. ?,U pp., 117 figs. 



SMITH, ]\Ialcolm A. 194.3. The Fauna of Brit- 

 ish India including Ceylon and Burma. 

 Rpptilia and Amjihibia, vol. 3, Serpentes. 

 Taylor and Francis: Ijondon. 583 pp., 100 

 figs., map. 



SWAN. Lawrence W. and Alan E. LEVITON. 

 1902. The Herpetology of Nepal : a History, 

 Checklist and Zoogeographical Analysis of 

 the Herpetofatma. Proc. California Acad. 

 Sci., ser. 4, vol. 32, pp. 1(13-147, 4 figs. 



TWEEDIE, M. ^V. F. 1954. The Snakes of 

 Malaya. Government Printing Office: Sing- 

 apore. 139 pp., 12 pis. 27 figs. 



T.VYLOR, Edward H. 1905. The Serpents of 

 Thaihind and Adjacent Waters. Univ. Kan- 

 sas Sci. Bull., vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 009-1096, 

 figs. 1-125, map. 



WALL, Frank. 1928. The Poisonous Terrestrial 

 Snakes of our British Indian Dominions 

 ( incliidiiio- Ceylon) and How to Recognize 

 Them. Diocesan Press: Bombay. 173 pp. 



130 



