Literary Notices. Ivii 



vided into ventral cells of the adductors of the upper arm and the triceps 

 and dorsal cells supplying the flexors and extensors of the fingers, etc. 



The Pons and Anarthria. 



S. Markowski,! concludes from the results of an autopsy that (i.) 

 unilateral softening of the left pons does not necessarily produce disturb- 

 ances of speech even when the entire so-called pyramidal tract is de- 

 stroyed. (2.) If the left pyramidal tract is injured then a spot of soft- 

 ening affecting the meso-dorsal part of right pyramidal tract is sufficient 

 to produc^e anarthria. (3.) The motor speech tracts are double in the 

 pons. (4.) In the pons the- motor speech tract lies in the dorso-mesal 

 part of the pons and is accompanied by the tract for deglutition. 



Electrical Variation in the Cortex. 2 



By connecting two regions with two like galvanometers the change 

 of potential due to disturl)ances of various sorts were observed. A less- 

 ening of potential was found in the middle and lower part of the convo- 

 lution behind the crucial sulcus when the anterior extremities are irri- 

 tated. In the monkey the same region lies behind the sulcus sigmoideus 

 where the sulcus angularis begins. The sensory centre far the hind limb 

 lies near the mesal surface in the monkey and in the dog in front of the 

 crucial sulcus. Touching the face with the finger produces a lowering 

 of potential in the gyrus lying below the sulcus sigmoideus and in front 

 of the anterior brachium of the sulcus angularis. Illumination of the eye 

 caused such changes in the visual sphere of Munk, while in monkeys it 

 was only observed in the upper part of the gyrus angularis. 



The change in potential vi'as greater when the stimulus had what may 

 be called a normal intensity. The changes are supposed to be due to 

 simple psychical processes (sensations and perhaps concepts.) 



LaciANi's .Studies of the Cerebellum. 



An abridgement of this great work has been published by Pescarolo 

 in Archiv. Ital. dc Biologic, XVI, 2-3. 



1. Zur Ca.suistik der Herderkraiikungeii der Brucke niit besonderer Beruck.si- 

 chtigung der durch dieselben verusacliten anarthrischen sprachstoerungen. Arch. f. 

 Psychiatrie, 2. 



2, Beck and Cybulski Further investigations on the electrical phenomena in 

 the cortex of ai)es and dogs. .Sitzungsherichten der Akad. der Wissen.sch. in 

 Krakaii, l.s'.ll. 



