Literary Notices. Ixvii 



the usefulness of a work which deserves abundant patronage. We 

 would venture to suggest that the list of journals could be arranged either 

 alphabetically, topographically or by subjects, and the addition of the 

 name of the editor or publisher would be a genuine service. 



The Temperature Sense. i 



This paper is the most elaborate and detailed discussion of tempera- 

 ture sensation yet written. It is introduced by a full historical review 

 and analysis in which several new terms are proposed ; for example, Hap- 

 tics (Haptik) is proposed as correlated with optics and acoustics to in- 

 clude the contact sense and " pselaphesia," (the latter containing both 

 tactile and muscular sense.) Pselophesia is the active, contact sense 

 the passive aspect of Haptics. 



It would be easy to select topics for discussion without doing vio- 

 lence to the (rather slight) unity of the paper, but a synopsis is impossi- 

 ble. He says we are forced to consider the external world as given in 

 consciousness while we subsequently reach the correlated idea of an inner 

 self distinct from it. Subjectivity is what is to be explained. 

 A more reasonable view seems to us to be that the two are insepara- 

 ble counterparts, experience beginning with no distinct element of either. 

 The sensation is certainly prior to any external reference of it and the 

 external reference involves an implicit recognition of self. Dessoir says, 

 "Organic influences at the periphery are causes of the chief variations in 

 attention. The special causes to be determined in each case." The sub- 

 ject of apperception is discussed. In general the psychological analysis 

 is in some respects unique. 



Respecting the temperature sense the following summary must suf- 

 fice. 



The temperature sense is a simple modality of perception belonging 

 to the group of summation sensations and possesses two qualities which 

 vary from a common zero. There is no evidence of two modalities or 

 two sets of end-organs. Blix's points are artificial products. Whether 

 we feel heat or cold does not depend on what point is irritated, but what 

 kind of a stimulus operates on a given point. 



It is conceived that in sensations of cold the warmth of the skin is re- 

 duced and as a result the nervous end apparatus expands and thus pro- 



1. Dessoir, Max. Ueber den Hautsinn. Archiv. f. Anat. u. Phys., 1894, 8 and -1. 



