cvi Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



Gene7-al Feelings of Sense of Hearing. In man the general feelings 

 accompanying hearing are idiosyncrasies. Some people cannot bear to 

 hear a gritty sponge rubbed across a slate ; others cannot bear to hear 

 a person bite an apple ; while others cannot bear to hear a person grit 

 his teeth. 



In the animal kingdom, the general feelings accompanying hearing 

 have a great bearing upon sexual selection. 



General Feelings of the Sense of Sight. The general feeling accompan- 

 ing sight are more varied than those accompaning hearing. The lowest 

 animals have no sense of sight, yet they experience light excitations. 

 Physiological results of these excitations are found even in the infusoria. 

 Ehrenberg found that the Euglena sought the light. Other infusoria 

 shrink away from the light. It seems highly probably that in these cases 

 the movements were originated by general feelings. In the first case 

 light aroused pleasant feelings, while in the second case light aroused 

 unpleasant feelings. Colors arouse general feelings in some organisms. 

 According to Englemann, Euglena prefers blue. In birds ^the feeling 

 aroused by colors play an important role in sexual selection. Many 

 animals and a few varieties of savages are enraged whenever they see 

 red. On the other hand yellow produces hatred because so many poison- 

 ous animals are of that color. 



Emotions. Emotions may be defined as general feelings bound up 

 with definite associations of ideas in such a manner that either directly or 

 indirectly both are called up by the same object. 



There is a difference between emotion and impulse. In the emo- 

 tions, the presentations cause internal reactions ; while in impulse the 

 presentations originate movements. 



Very frequently emotions pass imperceptibly into emotions of the 

 opposite kind. Animals very frequently change their playful nibblings 

 into serious biting. Witness a child at play. One moment it is full of 

 joy. The next it is crying bitterly. Nervous people very often pass 

 from a fit of laughter to a fit of crying. Pain caused by the death of a 

 loved one passes into mourning ; mourning into melancholy ; and melan- 

 choly into a half joyful, loving remembrance. Anger often begins in a 

 joyful feeling. Thus, we see that we cannot divide emotions into joyful 

 and sorrowful, for most emotions combine both feelings. We often see a 

 child undetermined whether to laugh or to cry. Such a child is exper- 

 iencing a mixed feeling. 



