Literary Notices. cv 



Under organic feelings of the animal system we class fatigue and 

 sleepiness. Fatigue has its origin in muscular exhaustion, while sleepi- 

 ness has its origin in nervous exhaustion. 



General Feelings of the Sense Organs — Epidermal Sense. All of the 

 special senses have been evolved out of the epidermal sense. Among the 

 lower animals the chemical sense is an epidermal sense and as such origi- 

 nates general feelings. In the phylogenetic development the major por- 

 tion of the epidermal sense is evolved into the special senses. A trace 

 of this sense persists, however, and this it is which enables the blind to 

 have a perception of the color of the environment. 



Excepting as idiosyncrasies, the sense of touch and temperature 

 never arouse general feeling in either man or the higher animals. Some 

 people cannot bear to stroke with the hand, either silk or plush. Others 

 shudder when they bite certain substances. This shuddering is the ex- 

 pression of something intermediate between general feelings and sense 

 feelings. 



General Feelings of the Chemical Sense. All animals are endowed 

 with a chemical sense. In the lower animals and in a young human babe 

 this sense is chiefly concerned with nourishment. One of the first acts 

 of a new born babe is to seek its mother's breast. It has already been 

 stated that this is probably prompted by a general feeling. Experiments 

 upon the higher mammals show that here the sense of smell plays an im- 

 portant role. If the olfactory nerves of a young pup be cut, the pup 

 does not find its mother's breast. 



Sympathy and antipathy are often the oft'-springs of the sense of 

 smell. By this sense ants distinguish intruders from the natives of the 

 nest. Woe to the victim thus discovered ! The back of a dog was 

 stroked with the hand. The hand was then placed in a basket contain- 

 ing blind three day old kittens. Immediately the kittens began spitting 

 and arching the back. Thus the mere odor of a dog engendered fear in 

 kittens that had never seen a dog. 



At first these feelings are pure. Later presentations are associated 

 with them. In the arms of one person a child will cry. Under exactly 

 the same circumstances, but in different arms, the child will be happy. 



The general feelings of the sense of taste are closely allied to those 

 of the sense of smell. The sense of taste plays an important role in the 

 sexual life. 



