CONTENTS 



Page 



SUMMARY iii 



TABLES vi 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii 



INTRODUCTION 1 



ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 3 



BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS 10 



General 10 



Algae and Terrestrial Macrophytes 10 



Invertebrates 29 



Fish 29 



Reptiles 31 



Birds 32 



Mamtnals 33 



Integrated Studies 34 



TOXICITY 36 



Aquatic Organisms 36 



Birds 36 



Mammals 43 



SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 44 



General 44 



Terrestrial Macrophytes 44 



Aquatic Organisms 44 



Birds 50 



Mammals 53 



CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS 57 



LITERATURE CITED 62 



