HuBER, Sympathetic Netfous System. 85 



bands or septse, pass into the substance of the ganglion, form- 

 ing a framework. 



Consequent upon results obtained by the Golgi and methy- 

 len-blue methods, we now possess very definite information 

 concerning the shape and to some extent also the structure of 

 the nerve cells constituting the sympathetic ganglia. KoUiker 

 (19) as early as 1889 drew attention to the fact that the sympa- 

 thetic nerve cells might be stained with the Golgi method and 

 showed that in the mammalia these cells were multipolar. Ramon 

 y Cajal (20) soon corroborated these results and extended them 

 in so far as his researches also included birds, he finding that 

 here also the sympathetic nerve cells were multipolar, Cajal 

 further made the important discovery that, while the cells were 

 multipolar, they possessed only one neuraxis, the other branches 

 being dendrites. 



These observations were soon confirmed by van Gehuch- 

 ten (21), Retzius (22), Sala (23), v. Lenhossek (24), they also 

 using the chrom-silver method in their several researches, and 

 by Dogiel (25) who has studied these structures with the meth- 

 ylen-blue method. 



My own observations confirm the results above briefly 

 sketched, and further show that the sympathetic nerve cells of 

 fishes and of reptilia ar« also multipolar. The statement that 

 the neurons of the sympathetic system of fishes, repitilia, birds 

 and mammalia are multipolar, needs to be qualified to this ex- 

 tent — that only the great majority of these cells belong to this 

 type, a few unipolar and bipolar cells being also found. These, 

 as Dogiel (25) has correctly stated, are usually in the peripheral 

 portion of the ganglia, and more often near one of the poles. 



My own observations pn the structure of the sympathetic 

 ganglia of vertebrates were made both with the Golgi and 

 methylen-blue methods ; the former method was however soon 

 discarded, as in my hands the intra vitam methylen-blue meth- 

 od gave much more definite results. 



