HuBER, Sy^npathetic Nervous System. 113 



ing the network of the baskets. The number of the turns of 

 such a spiral may vary from two to fifteen or even twenty. 

 Several medullated fibers may take part in the formation of such 

 a spiral. The neuraxes of the nerve fibers of such spirals 

 break up into nerve fibrillse, which may also be given off from 

 some loop of the spiral, and these are woven into a complex 

 network to form the basket. The fibrillae of the complex bas- 

 kets are usually very varicose. The spirals and end-baskets are 

 intra-capsular. Such baskets have often been found in the in- 

 ferior cervical and the stellate ganglia. In the smaller ganglia of 

 the chain — dorsal, lumbar and caudal — there is, as a rule, found 

 only here and there one of the more complex baskets. In C, of 

 Fig. 8, are shown two sympathetic cells, from a sympathetic 

 ganglion of a reptile, the one surrounded by a pericellular 

 basket of the simpler type, the other more complex with a 

 spiral fiber. 



(d) Amphibia. The cells of the sympathetic system of the 

 frog have, since they were first described by Arnold and Beale, 

 been the subject of numerous contributions. These cells were 

 described among the older writers as bipolar, with straight and 

 spiral processes. Ehrlich, as has been shown, discovered that the 

 spiral process terminated in a peri-cellular network. Ehrlich (4) 

 regarded the spiral fiber as of cerebro-spinal origin, largely be- 

 because it was invested with a layer of myelin. Retzius (72) 

 corroborated Ehrlich's observations and further showed that the 

 spiral fiber often branched " T "-shaped, at a variable distance 

 from the cell on which it ends in a basket. Retzius also be- 

 lieves the spiral of cerebro-spinal origin. In a communication 

 published by Arnstein (73) giving the results of an investiga- 

 tion by himself and Smirnow, of the sympathetic ganglia of the 

 frog, when stained with methylen-blue, and in a further publica- 

 tion by Smirnow {j€), very different conclusions are reached. 

 They describe the spiral fiber as going to the periphery, and 

 according to Smirnow ending according to the location of the 

 ganglion in various peripheral tissues. 



Smirnow further states that the spiral serves form anasto- 

 mosis between ganglion cells, the spiral dividing, one branch 



