124 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



and contraction of the ciliary body. Direct stimulation of the 

 ganglion and the short ciliary nerves give the same results. 



When the ciliary ganglion is stained with the Golgi meth- 

 od, as has been done by Retzius (85), Kolliker (33) and 

 Michel (74), it may be seen that its cells are multipolar, there- 

 fore sympathetic neurons, the neuraxes of which extend into 

 the short ciliary nerve, and no doubt innervate the involuntary 

 muscle of the ciliary body and iris. Kolliker (32) and Michel 

 (74) have shown that the cell bodies of these sympathetic neu- 

 rons are surrounded by peri-cellular baskets. In methylen-blue 

 preparations, I find that these peri-cellular baskets are intra- 

 capsular and are the endings of small medullated nerves enter- 

 ing the ganglion. 



Langley and Anderson (85) have shown that after the in- 

 jection of 10 m. g. of nicotin into the vein of a rabbit or cat, 

 stimulation of the third cranial nerve has no effect of any kind, 

 the non-contraction of the extrinsic eye muscle innervated by 

 this nerve, being due to a paralysis of the motor endings, the 

 non-closure of the pupil, to paralysis of the ganglion cells of 

 the ciliary ganglion, or, if our interpretation of the action of 

 nicotin is correct, to a paralysis of the end-baskets of the third 

 nerve in this ganglion. Stimulation of the short ciliary nerves 

 causes closure of the pupil after injection of nicotine which of 

 course would not be the case if the third nerve passed through 

 the ganglion without ending therein. Further proof of the end- 

 ing of the third nerve in the ciliary ganglion is furnished by 

 Apolant in the following experiments. Apolant divided the 

 third nerve, on one side, in cats, just before it enters the orbital 

 cavity. At the end of two weeks, the contents of the orbit, 

 on the operated and unoperated side were removed and hard- 

 ened in Miiller's fluid. After proper hardening the ciliary 

 ganglia with the third and the branch from the fifth nerve 

 were dissected out and pinned out on elder pith — this to bring 

 the ganglion and its roots into a plane. The preparation was 

 then stained after Marchi's method, embedded and cut into 

 serial sections. Apolant states that on the operated side, the 

 third nerve and its branches were in every instance degener- 



