134 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



end in the sub-maxillary ganglion. They may do this in the 

 manner above described for the ciliary ganglion. 



The point I wish to emphasize in the two examples select- 

 ed for analysis, is this. The motor root ends in the ganglio7i, 

 no doubt in peri-cellular end-baskets. This root constitutes the 

 white ratmcs of the ganglion. The sensory root forms no histolog- 

 ical connection with the ganglion, accompanying the efferent sym- 

 pathetic nerves to the tissues. Whether the sympathetic root 

 ends in the ganglion is questionable, if so, its nerves end on the 

 dendrites of the sympathetic cells and are not paralyzed by 

 the nicotin. 



Reflexes i?t sympathetic ganglia. — Attention has previously 

 been called to the possibility of peripheral reflexes, i. e. reflexes 

 in sympathetic ganglia, in speaking of the sensory sympathetic 

 cells described by Dogiel (71). This type of cell, it will be re- 

 membered, has long dendrites, which, as Dogiel suggests, may 

 reach to the free surface ; the neuraxis ending free in other 

 sympathetic ganglia. A sensory sympathetic neuron, stimu- 

 lated through its dendrite, might excite through its neuraxis a 

 motor sympathetic neuron, the impulse not going to the cere- 

 bro-spinal axis. Langley and Anderson (95) state that two 

 cases of reflex action occurring in peripheral ganglia have been 

 brought forward — reflex from the submaxillary ganglion of the 

 dog (Claude Bernard) and reflex from the inferior mesentric gan- 

 glion of the cat (Sokownin). The apparent existence of recurrent 

 fibers in the lingual nerve makes it difficult to determine with 

 any degree of accuracy the existence of a peripheral reflex in 

 the submaxillary ganglion. For the inferior mesenteric gan- 

 glion the existence of a peripheral reflex seems quite clearly es- 

 tablished by Langley and Anderson. It would be beyond the 

 scope of these lectures, to reproduce fully the observations, 

 which lead to this conclusion. I may however add that they 

 show: "That the effects which follow the stimulation of the 

 central end of the hypogastric nerves (all nerves going or com- 

 ing from the inferior mesentric ganglion, except the hypogas- 

 trics having previously been cut) are not due to recurrent 

 fibers, but to fibers, the trophic centers of which are in the 



