Literary Notices. xlv 



view were conceived of in the old position. As time went on the 

 feeling of uprightness gradually returned, especially when dynamic 

 vestiges were called into action, as in pel-forming rapid motions. 

 Although the duration of the experiment was obviously too short to 

 overcome a life-time of ordinary experience, yet the experiment con- 

 clusively proves that the inverted position of the retinal image but is 

 a product of experience. We are unable to see how any of Dr. Hys- 

 lop's arguments or illustrations impair the force of these conclusions. 

 The paper by Mr. Judd cannot be summarized here but the discuss- 

 ion of some phases of binocular parallax tends to confirm the associa- 

 tion and motor sensation theory rather than the reverse. 



c. L. H. 



Variation of Aciiteness of Sensation with Age.^ 



The author has investigated the reaction to moderate and painful 

 stimuli in the case of individuals of different ages and from various 

 classes of society. The faradic current .was used and the voltage em- 

 ployed was used to estimate the excitement. Details of the method 

 are not given; but the results in the case of general sensibility, as well 

 as painful sensations, show that the sensitiveness in both is smaller in 

 early years and increases until maturity, only to dimmish again in age. 

 Mental discipline serves to enhance this sensitiveness. These facts 

 are not to be neglected in pedagogy and forensic psychiatry. 



c. L. H. 

 The Mammalian Rhincephalon.^ 



Twelve animals were operated on and examined by the Marchi 

 method in order to determine if possible the connections of the bulbus 

 and especially to determine whether commissural fibers exist in the 

 olfactory tracts. Recognizing the fila olfactoria as the primary pro- 

 jection system, the search was, of course, for the elements of the sys- 

 tems of higher order. After separation of the bulb from the brain it 

 was found that the lateral tract of coarse fibers degenerates through- 

 out the whole course to the bulb and lobus pyriformis. These are the 

 neurites of the mitral cells (specific olfactory epithelium cells). 



If a part of the bulbus is also injured the degeneration mvolves 

 fibers of the third order, i. e., those arising in the bulbus. Part of 



^ Ottolenghi, S. Das Gefuhl und das Alter. Zdtschrift f. Psychol, und 

 Phys. d. Sinnesorgane, IX, 5, 6. 



"^ S. LoEWENTHAL. Ueber das Riechhirn der Saugethiere. Festschrift z. 

 LXIX Versam. Deutsch. Naturf. u. Aerzte. 



