308 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY. 
tion is not obtained from fishes which do not possess such sense 
organs and nerves. | 
All of these cutaneous sense organs are innervated from a 
single nerve, the sensory root of the facial (corresponding to 
the portio intermedia of human anatomy), which is the biggest 
nerve in the body. The center in which this nerve terminates 
in the medulla oblongata is about as big as the entire forebrain, 
instead of being barely discernable by refined histological meth- 
ods, as in the human body. And the secondary gustatory 
path, which in man is totally unknown, is the largest single 
tract in the brain, both in the cat fish and in the carp! 
The primary gustatory center in the medulla oblongata is 
bilobed, the ‘‘ facial lobe”’ receiving the gustatory fibers from 
the skin and the ‘‘ vagal lobe 
From these lobes there is both an ascending and a descending 
” 
receiving those from the mouth. 
gustatory path. The latter passes down to the point where the 
medulla oblongata merges into the spinal cord and there termi- 
nates in a special nucleus which is intimately related to the 
funicular nuclei, a center for tactile sensations. Here the tac- 
tile and gustatory stimuli are coordinated and a comimon de- 
scending bundle (tertiary path) passes back into the spinal cord 
for the body movements necessary to turn toward the food ob- 
ject. The ascending secondary gustatory path extends upward 
to a big nucleus under the cerebellum, from which tertiary path- 
ways extend forward and downward into the midbrain (chiefly 
in the inferior lobe), then backward by a descending path of 
the fourth order into the medulla oblongata to reach the motor 
nuclei of the cranial nerves. 
We have already gone far enough into our analysis of 
these secondary and tertiary gustatory paths to make it per- 
fectly safe to predict that all of the habitual gustatory reflexes 
which we have observed in these fishes can be followed anatom- 
ically through the brain for their entire extent. | And since we 
have the strongest reasons for believing that the elementary 
reflex paths are essentially similar in mammals and fishes, we 
expect to find here an important guide for further research in 
human anatomy. 
