326 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY. 
All branches of the facial nerve pass below the stilus 
columellae (and stapedial process of the quadrate) as has 
already been stated by Hay, instead of over it.’ 
Other Urodela. In Menopoma (Cryptobranchus) alone is 
the relation of columella to the squamosum described by 
WIEDERSHEIM,” and also by PARKER.” 
In Amblystoma I can only state that there is present in the 
larva a cord of cells, passing from the operculum to the ventral 
border of the squamosum, which from the position and rela- 
tion (dorsal) to the facial nerve is undoubtedly the anlage of 
the suspensorio-opercular connection. This relation of the 
‘‘columella’’ to the facial nerve, has already been affirmed by 
Hasse and PARKER. 
Proteus anguineus. Opportunity for studying the relations 
in this form was afforded me by the generosity of Professor 
WievERSHEIM. As might be expected from the published fig- 
ures (WIEDERSHEIM ; op. cit., Fig. 1g), the relations in Nec- 
turus and Proteus are the same. There is a strong squamoso- 
opercular ligament passing from the stapedial process of the 
squamosum to the short stilus columellae, and to this the 
branches of the facial nerve have the same relation as in Nec- 
turus; R. jugularis passes above the ligament, R. mandibularis 
externus below it. 
Nervus factalis.* 
Since the homology of the chorda tympani is closely con- 
nected with that of the relations and connections of the colum- 
ella auris, the following brief account of the course of the 
branches of the facial nerve is offered. The relations of the 
nerve in the larvae only of Desmognathus and Spelerpes have 
1 This is also in accord with KINGSLEY’s description. (7«/t's College 
Studies, No. 7, p. 3705.) 
2\Op; Cit., p: 502. 
Ops Gite bt. Lu spewed. 
* The following names of the branches of the ‘facial nerve are used: R. 
palatinus; R. jugularis (FISCHER); R. mandibularis internus (R. Alveolaris, 
FISCHER); R. mandibularis externus (R. mentalis, FISCHER). 
