EPRERARY NOTICES: 
The Relations of Biology and Psychology.' 
The book before us has already been reviewed by a number of 
writers and needs no introduction to the readers of this journal. The 
purpose here is simply to touch upon certain points (not dwelt upon at 
length by any of these reviewers) which are of interest at once to the 
psychologist and to the biologist. 
(1) Psychophysical Evolution. ‘The papers which are here gath- 
ered together may be treated, says the author, ‘‘as each dealing with 
a narrower question, yet as having reference to the larger problem 
which may be called psychophysical evolution—the evolution of mind 
and body together” (p. 2). This conception of psychophysical evolu- 
tion is one to which the author returns again and again throughout the 
book in a way which is stimulating or exasperating according to where 
the reader stops in in the perusal of the book. 
One at first feels that the author has struck out the true solution 
of a perplexing question, and he turns the pages expectantly until he 
shall come to the convincing presentation of this great thought. But 
as he proceeds all that he finds is the cheerful assumption that this has 
already been made as clear as is necessary—and this is the source of 
the feeling of exasperation. 
The clearest brief statement of the principle of psychophysical 
evolution is that in which the author says that ‘‘the brain not a brain 
when consciousness is not there,” and ‘‘consciousness does not, on the 
other hand, produce movement without a brain” (p. 130). This most 
promising suggestion leads the reader to the natural conclusion that 
the author has in the background a point of view which justifies what 
appears upon the surface as a rather paradoxical juxtaposition of con- 
cepts usually kept quite distinct. ‘What is this point of view? 
; We all, doubtless, today, feel that brain and consciousness are 
equally genuine and valid phases of the reality of experience; and 
1 BALDWIN, J. MARK. Development and Evolution: Including Psycho-° 
physical Evolution, Evolution by Orthoplasy, and the Theory of Genetic 
Modes. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1902. 
