Literary Notices. xlx 



dence for the past and for forecasts for the emergency of a renewed 

 trial of the occupation — we should expect that such a hand has done 

 the work and will very likely be adapted to doing it probably again. 

 In the case of mental activity, we may say of a hysterical patient : she 

 has at one time gone through an experience which gave her a fixed 

 idea. The attitude has never been corrected ; everything that goes on 

 is done with the attitude as an actual factor, although the "fixed idea" 

 as such can be revived only under specific circumstances, and although 

 the attitude does not express itself in the conscious life of the patient, 

 except perhaps in hypnoid conditions. Or, to take the instance given 

 by ScHOFiELD of a young man. scared into hypochondriasis by his 

 physician. The attitude impressed on the patient is not favorable for 

 a cure ; part of it manifests itself when he thinks and argues and even 

 if he seems distracted, the attitude lingers "unconsciously." "Faintly 

 conscious" is not unconscious; and what is really unconscious is merely 

 persisting as an attitude. 



In the cobbler nobody would call the shape of the hand "uncon- 

 scious occupation"; in the "mental" attitude of the patient it would 

 perhaps also be better to avoid the term "unconscious mind," and to 

 stick to the indisputable fact of the unfavorable attitude which shows 

 itself "actually," though not necessarily "mentally," in the form of a 

 very definite psychic process. 



The criticism is therefore not one of Schofield's facts, but one of 

 an encumberance by unessential dogmata such as "the mind is one and 

 indivisable." These will act like a bugaboo with many who would do 

 well to take in all the facts presented in the book, and will induce them 

 to put the book aside. 



Perhaps my position will be fitly expressed by a transcription of 

 the summary of Chapter III., which is intended to prove the thesis that 

 "the double action of the mental factor on the body in health consists 

 generally in carrying on the functions of life, and specially in physically 

 expressing mental states." I should say: it consists generally in carry- 

 ing on so77ie functions of life (in order not to force upon the reader an 

 unessential and possibly objectionable exclusively idealistic conception of 

 life), and specially in making those physical states possible which, with- 

 out mental states, would be inconceivable, or at least which are not 

 known to occur empirically without mental states, or without their help . 

 The latter is possible also through mere attitudes once produced men- 

 tally, i. e., the "unconscious" of Schofield. 



With some such transcription of what is meant by the, for many, 

 mystifying terms "unconscious mind," the author's argument would 



