Literary Notices. xxv 



with the r. palatinus VII. No anastomosis with the olfactorius and no 

 ciHary nerve were found. The root of the auditorius is treated as sin- 

 gle. Laterahs motor and communis components are recognized in the 

 faciahs roots. The lateralis component goes to form the r. ophthalmi- 

 cus superficialis, r. buccalis and r. mandibularis facialis externus. 

 That one of the branches of the latter nerve represents the chorda 

 tympani the author is "not disposed to dispute" a position quite incon- 

 sistent with the principles of nerve components as it is maintained by 

 other leading neurological morphologists, for the chorda tympani is cer- 

 tainly a visceral sensory nerve. The motor component innervates the 

 digastric and dorso-trachealis muscles. The communis component 

 goes to the r. palatinus, the composition of the r. alveolaris being un- 

 determined. No palatinus caudalis was found. 



The author's interpretation of the branchial rami of the glossopha- 

 ryngeus and vagus seem to me open to some question. In describing 

 the glossopharyngeus (p. 31' ) he says: "Thehyoid division pursues a 

 more direct course forwards and downwards until it reaches the upper 

 surface of the hyoid cartilage along which it courses forwards. It was 

 not traced to the tip. This branch may be the lingualis of authors 

 (which otherwise is not present) . . ." Later (p. 312) he adds: 

 "Just behind the vagus trunk which has just been described, is the 

 branchial trunk of the same nerve. Just after its emergence from the 



ganglion it gives off, above and in front, a motor branch 



The main trunk {b'^) is the first branchial nerve It runs outwards and 

 slightly backwards until it reaches the upper surface of the first epi- 

 branchial, and then turns inwards and forwards along the outer surface 

 of the cartilage. In this as in the other branchial nerves no division 

 was noticed into pre- and post-trematic branches." 



"The second third branchial nerves (br"^ and br^) leave the ganglion 

 by a common trunk. . . . These pass to the corresponding gill 

 arches much as described for the first branchial." 



Now a branch of the glossopharyngeus, such as Professor Kings- 

 ley describes his "hyoid" branch to be, which enters the hyoid arch, 

 would be considered pre-trematic in fishes; and such a nerve as his 

 "first branchial' would be either a post-trematic of the glossopharyn- 

 geus or a pre-trematic of the vagus in fishes. Moreover recent inves- 

 tigations by Druner aud myself give abundant evidence that the 

 branchial nerves of many Urodeles divide into pre- and post-trematic 

 rami which hold essentially the same relation to the gill clefts as do the 

 pre- and post-trematic rami of fishes. I venture the proposition, there- 

 fore, that Professor Kingslev's "hyoid" branch of the glossopharyn- 



