240 ALBERT KUNTZ 



The morphological relationship of the sympathetic trunk to 

 the IX cranial nerve in Opsanus, as above described, differs ma- 

 terially from the morphological relationship of the sympathetic 

 trunk to this nerve in Menidia, as described by Herrick. In the 

 latter species, according to Herrick, the sympathetic trunk, im- 

 mediately cephalad of the fifth sympathetic ganglion, fuses with 

 the root of the IX cranial nerve, in which it may be traced as 

 a separate fiber-tract to the ganglion of this nerve. Just before 

 reaching this ganglion the sympathetic trunk again emerges 

 from the root of the IX nerve and continues cephalad along its 

 dorsal surface. The fourth sympathetic ganglion lies in close 

 proximity with the dorsal surface of the ganglion of the IX 

 cranial nerve. 



In the fishes in which the relationships of the sympathetic 

 trunk to the IX cranial nerve described by Herrick in Menidia 

 obtain, this nerve, doubtless, plays a part in the development of 

 the cranial sympathetic ganglia. Furthermore, the relationship 

 of the sympathetic trunk to the IX cranial nerve here set forth in 

 Menidia is probably more typical of teleosts than the relation- 

 ship above described in Opsanus. 



From the fourth sympathetic ganglion, the sjonpathetic trunk 

 continues cephalad along the ventro-mesial aspect of the gan- 

 glionic complex of the VII cranial nerve. The third sympathetic 

 ganglion arises at the level of the origin of the hyomandibular 

 division of the VII nerve. In transverse sections of newly hatched 

 embryos, the anlage of this ganglion appears as a slight accumula- 

 tion of cells on the ventro-mesial aspect of the geniculate ganglion 

 in proximity with the origin of the hyomandibular nerve (fig. 4, sy 

 3). This accumulation of cells is intimately associated with the 

 geniculate ganghon and is obviously derived more or less directly 

 from the latter. In embryos 6 mm. in length, this aggregate 

 of cells has become completely separated from the periphery of 

 the geniculate ganglion but still lies in close proximity with it 

 (fig. 5, sy 3). It now lies in the path of the sympathetic trunk. 



The second sympathetic ganglion arises at the level of the 

 .posterior portion of the Gasserian ganglion. In transverse sec- 



