132 TEIJI HOSHINO 



lateral edge of Clarke's column. These fibers enter apparently 

 into the lateral funiculus, while others run into the ventral horn 

 along the lateral edge of the central gray matter. The fibers of 

 this reticulum are fewer and shorter than normal and are hence 

 quite difficult to make out. They do not exhibit long strands, 

 but appear as if they were cut in short fragments. The group 

 of fibers which run at the lateral edge of the central gray sub- 

 stance at this level is not present or else quite indistinct. 



All the above changes of ganglion cells, however, never progress 

 as far as total destruction or degeneration and the cell nuclei are 

 well preserved. 



Hofmann's nucleus. This was called by Brandis ('93) merely 

 'faserarmes Randfeld' and by Kolliker ('02) it was fully described 

 in the spinal cords of birds and reptiles. It is located in the 

 pigeon at the lateroventral periphery of the lateral funiculus in 

 the shape of a crescent, having a maximal transverse diameter 

 0.084 mm. and a ventrodorsal diameter 0.284 mm., and contains 

 two to four large cells of 14.7 n in each section of the upper 

 cervical region in our normal birds. At the level of the enlarge- 

 ments it varies from 0.087 to 0.084 mm. in breadth and 0.301 to 

 0.334 mm. in length. This structure shows almost the same 

 condition in the affected as in the normal. 



Gowers' tract. Morphologically, with the methods we used, 

 we could hardly distinguish a tract which corresponds to the 

 Gowers' bundle of mammals independently in the spinal cord 

 of either the normal or affected specimens. Brandis did not 

 exactly make the differentiation of both tracts of Gowers and 

 Flechsig, but always considered them as the 'Kleinhirnseiten- 

 strangbahn' in the birds. Friedliinder ('98) describes these 

 tracts in the pigeon as quite analogous to mammals in regard 

 to their positions. One can see, however, in his illustration 

 that only a few scattered Marchi's small black globules exist 

 in the anterolateral area of the funiculus lateralis, while many 

 apparent Marchi's black globules are present in the dorsolateral 

 portion. Kiihn and Trendelenburg ('11) report that the two 

 direct cerebellar tracts can only be well distinguished at the 

 places near to their origins and not in their paths up the cord. 



