NERVES OF THE DOGFISH 383 



tomes, but believes that the sympathetic elements are in these 

 forms bound up with the cerebral nerves, going directly to their 

 destinations without formation of special sympathetic trunks. 



Schwalbe (79) made an extensive study of the ciliary ganglion 

 in the elasmobranchs. In Scyllium catulus he found three cili- 

 ary ganglia, one where the oculomotorius divides for the rectus 

 inferior and obliquus inferior muscles, a second double in char- 

 acter situated approximately where the nerve crosses the oph- 

 thalmic artery, and a third found farther peripherally where the 

 nerve breaks up in the inferior oblique muscle. In Mustelus 

 he finds two ganglia, one where the branch to the rectus inferior 

 is given off and the other farther peripherally on the branch 

 to the obliquus inferior. In Mustelus a ciliary nerve from the 

 ramus ophthalmicus profundus V runs to the eyeball, so close to 

 the oculomotor nerve as to appear to be a branch of it. At about 

 the same plane the oculomotorius sends a ciliary branch to the 

 eyeball. In Chimaera he finds one ciliary ganglion, correspond- 

 ing to the second one in Mustelus. He recognizes three classes 

 of ciliary nerves: 1. motor, from the oculomotorius; 2. sensory, 

 ciliares longi, from the ramus ophthalmicus profundus V; 3. vas- 

 cular, ciliares breves, from the ciliary ganglion. 



Ewart ('89) finds no ciliary ganglion in Laemargus, but one or 

 two ciliary branches of the oculomotorius which, after joining 

 ciliary branches of the ophthalmicus profundus, enter the eye- 

 ball. He states ('90) that occasionally two well-developed ciliary 

 ganglia occur in Acanthias, connected usually with the inferior 

 branch of the oculomotorius. In some instances . ganglion cells 

 have wandered along the ciliary nerves toward the eyeball. He 

 finds no ganglion cells in the trunk of the third nerve or its 

 branches. The ciliary ganglion has in all cases at least two roots, 

 one from the oculomotorius and one or two from the ophthalmicus 

 profundus. In addition to the ciliary nerves from the ciliary 

 ganglion, there are ciliary nerves from both nerve and ganglion 

 of the ophthalmicus profundus. 



Hoffmann ('99) recognizes two ciliary ganglia in 48- to 50- 

 mm. embryos of Acanthias, one situated approximately where 

 the ophthalmic artery is crossed by the third nerve, the second 



