384 H. W. NORRIS AND SALLY P. HUGHES 



occurs laterally on the upper surface of the oculomotorius oppo- 

 site the origin of the branch for the rectus interims. The second 

 is connected directly with the ophthalmic ganglion through a 

 nerve. The relation of the first ciliary ganglion to the ganglion 

 of the ophthalmicus profundus is not evident. Gast ('09) fig- 

 ures in Scyllium catulus embryos of 39-mm. length at least five 

 ciliary ganglia, the three most important of which he terms: 1) 

 rectus ganglion, situated near the division of the third nerve into 

 its dorsal and ventral branches; 2) ciliary ganglion, near where 

 the branch to the rectus inferior is given off; 3) distal ganglion, 

 apparently on the branch to the obliquus inferior. In Mustelus 

 laevis of 22 mm. he finds three ciliary ganglia, rectus ganglion, 

 distal ganglion, and ganglion on the 'infundibular nerve.' Allis 

 ('01) recognizes a single ciliary ganglion in Mustelus laevis, 

 which is connected with the ophthalmicus profundus by two 

 branches (radix longa) and with the oculomotorius by a single 

 branch (radix brevis). 1 



In pointing out the fact that the so-called ciliary ganglion of 

 many writers is the ganglion of the ophthalmicus profundus, 

 Beard ('87) cleared up much of the prevalent confusion. The 

 ganglion of the ramus ophthalmicus profundus he terms the 

 mesocephalic ganglion, reserving the name ciliary for the gang- 

 lion intimately associated with the oculomotorius, which Schwalbe 

 called the ganglion oculomotorii. Van Wijhe ('82) distinguishes 

 between ciliary and oculomotor ganglia in Scyllium, but applies 

 the former name to the profundus ganglion. He finds a nerve 

 arising from the oculomotor (ciliary) ganglion and accompany- 

 ing the opthalmic artery to the eyeball. Marshall and Spencer 

 ('81) and Marshall ('81) evidently confuse the ciliary with the 

 profundus ganglion in the early embryos of Scyllium, and regard 

 the profundus nerve as a part of the third nerve in origin. They 

 report that ganglion cells of the ciliary in the later stages of de- 

 velopment are found "in small scattered patches at different parts 

 of the nerve" ('81, p. 89). The intimate relations of the meso- 



1 At the l!il_' meeting of the American Association of Anatomists Dr. H. D. 

 Senior, in a paper on the eye-muscle nerves of Squalus acanthias, stated that 

 no ciliary ganglion occurs in that species. 



