Literary Notices. xlvi* 



lables without rhythm. As the German abounds in words with accent 

 on the first syllable the rhythm most affected is trochaic. 



2. The tracing of the respiratory curve upon a tracing of the 

 syllables shows that the limits of respiration determine the number of 

 syllables linked together. 



3. There seems never to be a uniform distribuion of attention 

 upon the entire series of syllables but the authors think there is a cer- 

 tain amount of attention apportioned, as it were, to the whole series 

 which may then be very unequally distributed within it. The fact 

 that the syllables which are pronounced with difficulty are not most 

 clearly recalled is explained by the fact that though more attention is 

 given to the act of enunciation, less is given to the synthesis of sounds 

 resulting. 



4. It was found that the vowel sounds are remembered better 

 than consonants. This is in harmony with Moli's observations on 

 Aphasia and Paraphasia ( patients often giving only the vowel cor- 

 rectly.) When this occurs it proves that the memory is based on aud- 

 itory impressions. In the case of artists the recollection is primarily 

 visual. 



5. The tendency to motor or sensi-motor accompaniments of 

 the act of learning were greater when attending to the visual than to 

 the spoken series. 



6. Associative connection of syllables was found of great impor- 

 tance in reproducing them and a number of self-intelligible variations 

 of this influence noted. 



7. Practice is found, of course, to improve the power of mem- 

 orizing. 



Only a (t\v points can be referred to even thus briefly. Only those 

 who have conducted such researches can appreciate the patience 

 required in an investigation which, like this, extended through several 

 years and yet involved the most monotonous uniformity of repetition. 

 Even our great admiration for such patience and effort cannot wholly 

 compensate for the apparent meagerness of the results. Yet it is only 

 by such attempts that pedagogy will acquire a scientific basis. 



Inverted Vision in the Savage. 



Dr. F. A. Cook, who was ethnologist of the Peary expedition to 

 Greenland, made the interesting observation that the natives habitu- 

 ally look at pictures upside down. He asked them to draw a polar 

 bear. To this they readily acceded, but drew the figure inverted. On 

 his return to Laborador, Dr. Cook observed the same characteristic of 



