Literary Notices. lxxxvii 



One control pigeon and one galvanized pigeon never returned. Of 

 the others, the galvanized pigeon returned more than 40 hours sooner 

 than the control. The two latter were old, the former, young. A 

 third and a fourth study with essentially the same conditions gave sim- 

 ilar results. The author therefore concludes that sensations received 

 by the vestibular apparatus play no part in the homing of the birds. 

 To answer the question whether any experiences of any sort 

 gained in the outward journey served to direct the return flight several 

 specimens were put under the influence of ether and carried to a dis- 

 tance. They returned as well as the control specimens. 



The Cause of Fatigue. 1 



It is shown that the preliminary stages of fatigue are due to the 

 toxic effect of a substance operating in situ. A sort of " auto-curari- 

 zation " results in a paralysis of the end-organs of the nerve. After a 

 time the muscle itself loses its excitability. By cutting off the circu- 

 lation in one leg and tetanizing the frog by placing one electrode in 

 the mouth and the other in the cloaca, this member was less wearied 

 than the other in which the circulation was not disturbed, thus show- 

 ing that the substance is produced throughout the whole body, the 

 ligatured leg being affected only by that produced within it. 



Craniotomy in Microcephalus. 2 



In one of the two cases reported, a child five years old, epileptic 

 and idiotic, was operated upon on both sides with remarkable improve- 

 ment. The child has grown physically and the face has become intel- 

 ligent, while anything ordinarily understood by children of the same 

 age is readily comprehended. 



Syphilis of the Nervous System. 3 



This subject has been discussed by Dr. F. Raymond in a series 

 of articles which are based upon extensive histological studies. At the 



1 Abelous, J. E. Contribution a l'Etude de la Fatigue. Arch, de Phys. 

 1893. 3- 



2 Parkhill. Linear Craniotomy in Microcephalus, with a Report of two 

 Cases. Intern. Med. Mag. Nov. 1893. 



Contributions a l'etude de la syphilis du systeme nerveux. Paralysie gen- 

 erate, meningo-myelite vasculaire diffuse et lesions syphilitiques des vaisseaux. 

 Archives de Neurologie, XXVII, 84, Feb., 1894. 



