Literary Notices. cvii 



We cannot go into details as to the application of this system to 

 radially symmetrical and bilateral animal bodies, but agree with Pro- 

 fessor Hyatt that in many respects the suggestions of Professor Wilder 

 are more simple and serviceable. 



Nerve-roots of the Muscles of the Throat and Palate. 1 



This article embodies the results of numerous experiments made 

 upon cats, rabbits, and dogs. The value of the article is much en- 

 hanced by the discussions of the views of previous authors. Poverty 

 of space forbids more than a brief mention of some of the author's 

 conclusions. 



The following conclusion, although founded upon experiments 

 performed upon the lower mammals, it is thought can be applied to 

 man. N. trigeminus gives fibres to the M. tensor veli palatini. 



N. facialis gives motor fibres to M. levator veli palatini and azygos 

 uvulce. 



M. glossopharyngeus gives motor fibres to M. stylo-pharyngeus. 



N. accessorius. The experiments upon this nerve are not so reli- 

 able as the others, owing to difficulties of investigation. Irritation of 

 the lower bundle causes no muscular movements of either the throat 

 or the soft palate. The muscles which diminish the cavity of the 

 throat (the constrictor, M. palato-pharyngeus, M. palato-glossus, M. leva- 

 tor veli palatini) are innervated from the superior fibres of the middle 

 bundle. The muscles that increase the throat-cavity (M. stylo-pharyn- 



gei) are Innervated by the superior bundle. 



C. H. T. 



Innervation of the Pharynx. 2 



Dr. Rethi's paper on the roots of the motor nerves of the phar- 

 ynx is followed by an exact determination of their peripheral distri- 

 bution. After exposing the muscles and nerves of this region in a nar- 

 cotized animal, the nerves were electrically stimulated, and their con- 

 nections thus accurately determined. 



The motor fibres of the M. stylo-pharyngeus pass over into the 

 vagus trunk while still within the foramen jugulare and pass to their 

 destination as branches of the R. pharyngeus vagi. 



1 Rethi, L. Die Nervenwurzeln der Rachen- und Gaumen-muskeln. Sitz. 

 ungsberichte d. k. Akademie d. Wissenchaften, Wien. Bd. CI. (1892), p. 381-420. 



2 Rethi, L. Der periphere Verlauf der motorischen Rachen- und Gaumen- 

 nerven. Sitzung. der kais. Akad. der Wissenschaften, Wien. CII, 3-7, 1893. 



