Literary Notices. clxi 



in the following order : Petromyzon, Acanthias, Menopoma, Salmo, 

 Ganoid type, Cyprinoid type, Chelonia, Ophidia, Mammalia. 



In a brief communication Studnicka answers ' Burckhardt's cri- 

 ticisms of his earlier paper. 1 He says that he has abundantly shown 

 that there is a relationship between the brain-form of the Amphibia 

 and the Cyclostomata; but by recognizing this similarity in his scheme, 

 he by no means intended to imply that the Amphibia or the Dipnoi 

 are necessarily directly descended from Petromyzon. It might be 

 merely case of a convergence. And in particular, he claims that his 

 method — comparative anatomy and embryology, supplemented by 

 fine histology — is a safer guide than the usual comparative-anatomical 

 methods. 



Subsequently Studnicka replies to Rabl-Rilckhard's criticisms 

 also. 2 He agrees with him in regarding the selachian^andteleostean 

 brains as structurally paired, though the extensive development of the 

 terma in the one case and the lack of the falx infthe other have 

 caused them to be commonly described as unpaired. He also agrees 

 with Burckhardt in looking upon Notidanus as a type form, the more 

 perfect knowledge of which as worked out by Burckhardt, has filled 

 a gap in his own theory. In view of these later anatomical discov- 

 eries he would relate the selachians to Notidanus and consider the 

 latter as a link between the Cyclostomata and the Dipnoi and prob- 

 ably also the Ganoidei. 



As to the homologies of the cerebrum of fishes, he supports his 

 position by the discovery of a callosum in Petromyzon in about the 

 same position as figured by Mrs. Gage in Amia f i. e., lying much 

 further dorsad in the axial lobes than the anterior commissure. 



In fishes Rabl-Riickhard's '• ventriculus communis" and his 

 "ventriculus tertius " together correspond to the third ventricle of 

 Amphibia and Ammiota. The names third ventricle and ventricle of 

 the diencephalon are not synonymous. The "ventriculus communis" 

 is the aula of amphibian brains. In this paper he expressly homol- 

 ogizes the " pallium " of fishes, as|,Mrs. Gage has done before him, 

 with the paraphysis (auliplexus) which he calls the "most anterior end 



J Eine Antwort auf die Bemerkungen R. Burckhardt's zu'meiner ▼orlSu- 

 figen Mitteilung iiber das Vorderhirn der Cranioten. Anat. Anz., IX, 22, 

 July, 1894. 



2 Bemerkungen zu dem Aufsatze : "Das' Vorderhirn der Cranioten " von 

 Rabl-Riickhard. Anat. Anz., X, 3-4, Oct. 1894. 



3 The Brain of Diemyctylus, PI. VIII, Fig. 103, Pern. 



