clxxxviii Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



more probable that pain is transmitted indirectly through the grey 

 cornua of the cord by a species of nervous overflow. 



Special skin centres for cold and heat as described by Gold- 

 scheider and Blix are rejected for, as the author acutely observes, 

 common experience of the adaptation of the nerves on the existing 

 temperature of the skin can hardly be harmonized with the idea of a 

 special apparatus for both qualities of this sense. It is probable that 

 there are special nerves for temperature sensation but that these may 

 convey sensations of either sort. The reviewer ventures to add that 

 the observed balance of hot and cold sensations over the existing con- 

 dition of the skin as a zero point suggests that the two varieties of this 

 sense are directly connected with vascular changes. The effect of 

 extremes is identical and discrimination in any case is slow. This 

 may be due to the readjustment of the calibre of capillaries. The 

 close association of warmth and cold with pleasure and pain is in evi- 

 dence as to a vaso-motor substratum for both. It has been observed 

 that under spots especially sensitive to temperature a closer relation 

 of nerve and capillary than usual exists. Again the path of tempera- 

 ture sensation seems to be like that of pain in the gray cornua and its 

 centre in the gyrus fornicatus. 



While little can now be said respecting smell and taste in the 

 present state of our knowledge it seems to us that the treatment 

 of hearing and vision in the book before us is exceedingly inade- 

 quate. The elementary student may justly expect from a work like 

 this a fairly full discussion of theories of color vision. In this con- 

 nection I may add that the elementary instruction in physiology in 

 German schools seems painfully inadequate and the University system 

 poorly arranged to remedy the defect. I have listened to quizzes in 

 physiological psychology in the University of Berlin which betrayed 

 ignorance of which an American freshman would have been justly 

 ashamed. General sensation fairs relatively better. We are interest- 

 ed to note that tickling, etc., are referred to alteration in vaso-motor 

 states. This may explain the close relation these sustain to pleasure- 

 pain. The same remark applies still more forcibly to the sexual sens- 

 ations whose close dependence on vascular changes is apparent. So 

 shuddering and chilling are closely allied with those alterations in 

 vaso-motor states which we hypothecate in case of ordinary tempera- 

 ture sense. The author does not hesitate to predicate a static function 

 for the semicircular canals and finds anatomical proof of the connect- 

 ion of the n. vestibulars with the cerebellum. 



The book is not happy in its explanation of the three interpreta- 



