PARALYSES IN DOGS 101 
paralysis, and it was found that the material furnished data for 
adding to the precision of our knowledge on the localization in 
the lumbo-sacral cord certain nuclei of the pelvic viscera and of 
the muscles of the hind limb and tail. 
This report may therefore, be divided into three parts; in the 
first part attempting to account for the clinical improvement 
occurring after the lesion, in the second part showing the rela- 
tion of the autopsy findings to the peripheral and visceral palsies 
produced, and in the third part discussing the subject of fusion 
and giving a brief account of some experiments in which, some 
months after the lesion, this procedure was attempted. 
The production of the lesion 
The lesions were made subdurally through a single trephine 
opening, usually at the 4th or 5th lumbar spine. The instru- 
ment for the purpose (fig. 1) was L-shaped, the longer arm form- 
ing the handle and the shorter shaped into a thin blade. This 
was entered through the dura in the median line and then moved 
laterally with sufficient force to crush the cord substance. Both 
unilateral and bilateral lesions were attempted. The operations 
were done under complete ether anesthesia with the usual precau- 
tions forasepsis. All told, lesions were attempted in some seventy- 
five animals, but of course, on account of various causes, including 
an epidemic of distemper, the majority of animals were lost. 
Method of studying the surviving animals 
Observations were made from day to day and notes were made 
on the changes. At intervals of 2 or 3 months, each dog was 
studied more systematically, according to the following routine: 
Attitude 
Gait. Nature of limp if present 
Active movements: runip, hips, knees, ankles, paws and tail 
Passive movements: rump, hips, knees, ankles and paws 
Response to stimulation; sharp point applied to skin of various parts of limb 
Response of paw to heat with immersion in hot water (heat-pain sense) 
Temperature of skin between toes 
SE EM Bee Sh 
