12 HENRY O. FEISS 
Knape.'’ Knape is practically the only one of these who leans 
toward the theory that cell groups represent collections of fibers 
in peripheral nerves. Even he does not describe sharply cireum- 
scribed nuclei as representing these nerves. He let his animals 
run a long time after excising the nerves, and before he studied 
the cords, in several cases allowing an interval of almost five 
years to intervene. His nuclei extend over more segments than 
our own. 
As to previous observations on sphincteric control, reliance 
has usually been placed upon the stimulation of roots.1® Accord- 
ing to most observers?® 24 22 the nerve supply affecting control 
of micturition in dog and cat comes from two sources in the cord, 
an upper from the 3d, 4th and 5th lumbar roots, and a lower 
from the 2d and 3d sacral roots. Nerve fibers are sorted out 
in the hypogastric plexus before they finally pass to the bladder 
itself. According to Bechterew,?? Sherrington,24 Langley and 
Anderson,”> and others, the lower source is especially important. 
This does not conform to our localization for bladder control in 
the 7th lumbar or 1st sacral segments. 
Very much like the bladder, the rectum receives its nerve-supply 
from two sources,”° and from about the same spinal nerves. More- 
over, as in the case of that organ, the sacral nerves are much more 
important than the lumbar. Masius,2”7 and Ott,?8 like ourselves, 
place the center higher than the lower source given by the others. 
18 Knape: Ziegler’s Beitrage. 1901, vol. 29, p. 251. 
‘9 Langendorff: Nagels Handbuch der Physiologie, vol. 4, 1st half, p. 350. 
20 Nawrocki and Scabitschewsky: Pfliiger’s Archiv, 1891, vol. 48, p. 335, vol. 
49, p. 141. 
*t Budge: Zeitsch. f. rational med., 1864, vol. 21, pp. 1 and 174. 
22 ©. C. Stewart: Amer. Jour. of Physiol., 1899, vol. 2, p. 182. 
** Bechterew: Functionen der Nerven Centra, 1908, vol. 1, p. 292. 
*4 Sherrington: Schaefer’s Text-book of Physiology, 1900, vol. 2, p. 874. 
*» Langley and Anderson: Jour. of Physiol., 1895, vol. 19, p. 71. 
°° Starling: Schaefer’s Text-book of Physiology, 1900, vol. 2, p. 336. 
*7 Masius: Bull. Acad. Royal de Belgique, pp. 67, 68. 
*6 Ott: Jour. of Physiol., 1879, vol. 2, p. 54. 
