224 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



Such hesitation constitutes .the only valid justification of pecil- 

 onymy. But the same end mi^ht be gained by a simple de- 

 claration, without the risk of confusing or misleading the reader. 



§40. Magnilogy. — The employment of lengthy or pon- 

 derous terms when briefer would suffice. This is simply one 

 form of what may be called anatoviic csotery. Now that the 

 choice is offered, the anatomist who deliberately says aponeurosis 

 for fascia, anfractuosity for fissure, and convolution for gyre, 

 thereby arrays himself with the village orator in whose turgid 

 discourse a fire is always a conflagration. 



§41. Peiissology. — The following example of needless 

 amplification occurs in a special article by a distinguished neu- 

 rologist in a leading metropolitan medical journal: " The an- 

 terior column of gray matter extends throughout the spinal 

 cord, and the upper enlarged intra-cranial end of the spinal cord, 

 which is known as the oblong cord or medulla (medulla ob- 

 longata)." As shown in W. & G. , '89, 529, %']^, the informa- 

 tion contained in these thirty-two words might have been given 

 in fifteen. 



§42. Equivalents, Synoyins, a)id Isonyms. — Equivalents 

 are terms meaning the same thing, e. g. , pons, pons Varolii, 

 pont, and Bri'ieke. Strictly speaking, pons Varolii is a synonym, 

 or equivalent in the same language, while pont and Brucke are 

 isonyms or equivalents in other languages. But for simplicity 

 all may be here regarded as synonyms, just as, in biology, syn- 

 onymy embraces all the appellations of organisms, whatever 

 their nationality. Hence one may recognize two groups of 

 synonyms, viz., paronyms and heteronyms. 



§43. Paronyms a)id Heteronyjns. — Excluding /<?«.? Varolii 

 (the dionymic, eponymic synonym oipons), the other equivalents 

 are the French pont, the Italian ponte, the Spanish piictite, the 

 German Briicke, and the English bridge. Of these, the first 

 three are obviously related to the Latin pons, while the last two 

 have no such relationship. The former have been called by 

 me paronyms,^ the latter, heteronyms; '85, c, 9; W. &G., '86, 



^ Paronymy or paronymization includes what lias been called word-adoption, 

 word-appropriation, word-assumption, word-borrowing, etc. 



