NUCLEAR SIZE IN THE NERVE CELLS OF THE BEE 
DURING THE LIFE CYCLE 
W. M. SMALLWOOD anv RUTH L. PHILLIPS 
(From the Zoological Laboratory of Syracuse University, C. W. Hargitt, Director.) 
ONE FIGURE 
The following study of nuclear size in the nerve cells of the 
antennal lobe of the bee was undertaken for the purpose of 
learning what are the normal conditions and what, if any, changes 
they undergo during the life cycle. 
Bees afford exceptionally good material for such work because 
all members of a given swarm are of identical parentage; all 
spend an inactive larval existence, and the life cycle of individu- 
als varies according to type and season. Drones live through 
the summer, queens may live for seven years, and the workers, 
with which we are concerned in this paper, have a life cycle 
varying from about six weeks in the summer to about six months 
for the insects hatched from an autumn brood. 
Hodge? (’92) published his observations on daily fatigue in the 
bee, the sparrow and the cat. In this work he chose the cells 
of the antennal lobes because they are easily located. We have 
limited our study to the cells of this region for the same reason. 
It is usually considered that excessive stimuli in the form of an 
immense amount of normal daily work, electrical stimulation, or 
surgical shock result in a decrease of nuclear size among the 
nerve cells. That such assumptions are commonly held, the 
work of Crile? and Hodge shows. 
Conklin’ (12) has shown that there is a normal relation be- 
tween the size of a cell and its nucleus, and Kocher‘ (’16) has 
1 Journal of Morphology, vol. 7, 1892, p. 153. 
2 Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 57, no. 23, 1911, p. 1812. 
3 Journal of Experimental Zodélogy, vol. 12, 1912, p. 1. 
4 Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 26, no. 3, 1916. 
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