72 ALBERT KUNTZ 



in this paper. Carpenter ('06) has given us a more or less 

 exhaustive review of the literature bearing on the development 

 of the ciliary ganglion in the entire vertebrate series in his paper 

 on the development of the oculomotor nerve, the ciliary gan- 

 glion, and the abducent nerve in the chick. ^ It is apparent 

 from such a review that investigators have differed widel}^ as to 

 the exact sources and the histogenesis of this ganglion. Accord- 

 ing to Hoffmann ('85), Ewart ('90) and Chiarugi ('94, '97), the 

 ciliary ganglion arises from cells which migrate from the meso- 

 cephalic region of the semilunar ganglion into the oculomotor 

 nerve either directly or by way of the ophthalmic division of the 

 trigeminal nerve. According to Dohrn ('91), the ciliary ganglion 

 arises in the selachians from cells which wander out from the 

 mid-brain along the path of the oculomotor nerve. Beraneck 

 ('84), Renter ('97) and Rex ('00) also derive the ciliary ganglion 

 from cells present in the oculomotor nerve but do not determine 

 the exact sources of these cells. 



According to Carpenter's observations, the ciliary ganglion in 

 the chick arises primarily from cells which advance peripherally 

 from the wall of the mid-brain along the oculomotor nerve; a 

 few cells being added which ad^'-ance peripherally from the semi- 

 lunar ganglion by way of the ophthalmic nerve. These latter 

 cells, according to Carpenter, are easily distinguished from the 

 cells which enter the ciliary ganglion by way of the oculomotor 

 nerve by reason of the larger size of their nuclei and the greater 

 abundance of their cytoplasm. He, therefore, recognizes two 

 distinct regions in the ciliary ganglion. 



Regarding the sphenopalatine, the otic and the submaxillary 

 ganglia, the evidence at hand seems to favor the theory that 

 they are derived exclusively from the semilunar ganglion. 



The present investigation was undertaken in order to extend 

 the writer's earlier observations on the development of the sym- 

 pathetic nervous system in the vertebrate series and to correlate 

 the cranial sympathetic ganglia with the other parts of the 

 sympathetic nervous system. 



^ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. 

 48, pp. 141-229. 



