GoDDARu, Movements of Nave Cells. 247 



The appearance of the specimens was even more striking 

 than might seem to be indicated by the table, but, as far as the 

 mere state of waking and sleeping is concerned, the result is 

 the reverse of that called for by current theories. In the sleep- 

 ing animal, where contacts should be interrupted, the contact 

 granules being retracted into the moniliform swellings, the den- 

 drites are, almost all of them, beautifully expanded. In the 

 waking animal, where perfect contact of the cells is called for, 

 a large percentage are retracted and varicose. The result, if it 

 can be taken to indicate anything, clearly tends to confirm 

 Demoor's experiments, extending his results, moreover, into 

 the sphere of normal functional activity of the cells. Accord- 

 ing to this view the varicosity of the dendrites corresponds to a 

 fatigued or abnormal condition, whether awake or asleep. The 

 waking puppy, in our experiment, was partially fatigued ; the 

 sleeping puppy, partially rested, the i hour and 10 minutes 

 sleep having sufficed, however, to bring the cells into a pretty 

 completely rested condition in this respect. 



The second experiment was made with the purpose of defi- 

 nitely testing this point. The first of two sisters was taken on 

 waking in the morning, at 7 o'clock. The second was kept 

 awake, playing and running about the entire day, until 5:40 P. 

 M., when it became practically impossible to keep her awake 

 without doing violence to normal conditions. After five min- 

 utes sleep, the cut was made at 5:45 P. M. 



It is difficult to find a single varicosity on the dendrites of 

 the morning puppy. For long distances in the cortex of the 

 evening puppy it is difficult to find a cell whose processes are 

 not more or less varicose. The results are certainly as striking 

 as those obtained by either Demoor or Berkley for pathological 

 conditions. The experiments are being continued by Mr. 

 Goddard, but confirming and extending Demoor's work, as 

 they do, it was thought advisable to make the above brief re- 

 port. 



Specimens showing the above points were demonstrated. 



