Literary Notices. iii 



A. 



(SO. v.), the Maxillary (Mx.) (pre-branchial), the Mandibular (Mn.) 

 (post branchial) and the Pharyngeal, or visceral. 



The profundus arises from the trunk of the V, but has its sepa- 

 rate ganglion. One of the most interesting facts in connection with it 

 is that it gi\^es off a small branch while crossing the orbit which inner- 

 vates two sense organs of the supra-orbital canal. While passing from 

 the orbit through the cartilage of the cranium, the profundus becomes 

 " wrapped around the ventral surface of the superficial ophthalmic of 

 the facial. It can be separated from this for a short distance, but 

 finally becomes inseparably fused with it." It is somewhat difficult to 

 reconcile this statement with the one first quoted respecting the absence 

 of confusion between the V and VII nerves. After its fusion with the 

 ophthalmicus superficialis VII, the profundus gives off a thin nerve to 

 the outer surface of the inner wall of the nostril which is regarded as 

 probably corresponding to the motor division of the profundus found 

 in Cyclostomes. The profundus also gives off a twig to the ciliary 

 ganglion. 



The superficial ophthalmic branch of the V may in some cases be 

 entirely distinct from the superficial ophthalmic branch of the VII and 

 does not innervate any organs of the lateral line. The maxillary in- 

 nervates the masseter and labial and nasal muscles, also the skin and 

 the walls of the nasal sac and mouth. It gives off the large pharyn- 

 geal or visceral branch which innervates a portion of the mucous mem- 

 brane just inside the mouth. The mandibular innervates the masseter 

 and muscles of the lower lip (also the skin?), and probably parts of the 

 mouth. 



In a comparison with the results of Pinkus in Protopterus, Cole 

 points out that in Protopterus the profundus does not fuse with the su- 

 perficial ophthalmic of the VII and that its cutaneous distribution is 

 therefore an ascertained fact and not a surmise. He also points out the 

 interesting correspondence of the three " accessory cutaneous branches," 

 described by Strong in Amphibia, to the bundles leaving the V in Chi- 

 mosra and accompanying the buccal VII. 



The results of Cole's examination of the Facialis are especially 

 interesting and exhibit a gratifying agreement with the views arrived at 

 by workers on other forms. The facial is, very properly, divided into 

 the facial proper and the lateral line nerves. The whole facial nerve 

 arises by three separate roots whose arrangement can be readily under- 

 stood from the accompanying reproduction of one of Cole's figures. 

 The roots of the V are also shown. VIIj, arising ventrally, from the 

 medulla (Mo), is the root of the superficial ophthalmic VII (S.o.VII), 



