Literary Notices. vii 



gion." The glossopharyngeal has, besides, the following branches: 

 (i) Pre-branchial which innervates the first demi-branch and the ventral 

 wall of the pharynx. (2) Post-branchial runs along the base of the 

 second demi-branch, reaches the pharynx and there divides. (3) and 

 (4) Accessory skeletal branches. Under this name Cole describes 

 branches, hitherto overlooked, of the IXth and Xth nerves supplying 

 the visceral arches themselves and quite distinct from the pre- and 

 post-branchial nerves. They may arise from either of these two latter 

 nerves or may have a distinct origin. They are always closely applied 

 to the arches they supply and frequently pierce the cartilage. Cole 

 finds them also in cartilaginous fishes. There are two belonging to the 

 IXth nerve in Chimaera, one coursing along the anterior edge of the 

 first branchial arch and the other along its posterior edge. (5) Motor 

 branch to the large levator muscle attached to the anterior face of the 

 hyoid arch and also to a small muscle attached to its posterior face. (6) 

 Pharyngeal or visceral branches, peculiar in Chimaera, since there are 

 always at least two to every branchial nerve. The glossopharyngeal has 

 three, thus constituting five visceral branches including the continua- 

 tions of the pre- and post-branchial nerves. 



The vagus is a complex composed of four perfectly independent 

 nerves, termed vagus i, 2 and 3 and the intestinal. Vagus i has the 

 following branches : (i) Pre-branchial to the third demi-branch and 

 pharynx. (2) Post-branchial to the fourth demi-branch and pharynx. 

 (3) Extra-branchial arising from one of the accessory skeletal branches 

 and distributed to the fourth demibranch. (4) and (5) Two accessory 

 skeletal branches running along the anterior and posterior edges of the 

 second branchial arch. (6) Motor branch similar to that of the IX, but 

 arising from the pre-branchial. It is distributed to the same muscle as 

 the anterior division of the motor branch of the IX. (7) Visceral 

 proper, one branch of which supplies the levator of the first branchial 

 arch and the other is distributed to the pharynx. (8) Accessory visceral 

 branch, most ventral of all and associated with the pre-branchial. It 

 " ends in the dorsal internal surface of the pharynx, the external sur- 

 face of the same part of the pharynx being innervated by the accessory 

 visceral branches of the IX." 



The branches of vagus 2 are in the main the same. Three acces- 

 sory skeletal branches are described and three accessory viscerals, two 

 of which arise from the pre-branchial. The motor branch, a very fine 

 nerve, innervates a " longitudinal band-like muscle lying over the gill 

 arches a little to one side of the mid dorsal line." A branch of the 

 visceral proper innervates the levator of the second arch. Vagus 2 



