xxvi Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



to draw designs as unlike as possible to diagrams exhibited to them. 

 The first series showed that the diagrams betrayed sub-conscious habits. 

 (One of the records, we venture to believe, was based on embroidery 

 or needle-work experience.) Three distinct kinds of results are pro- 

 duced by the intruding stimulus, (i) In some it produces a tendency 

 to vary. (2) Others are made more critical and cautious. (3) In 

 many cases the result is a blending of the new with the old and may 

 involve true invention. The same laws are detected in the broader 

 social sphere. c. l. h. 



Projection of the Retinal Image. 



In the American Journal of Psychology for October, 1897, Dr Pills- 

 bury calls attention to a simple but on the whole very convincing ob- 

 servation indicating the truth of the empiristic explanation of localization. 

 The observation is one that all microscopists can confirm, i. e., that, 

 in using the Abbe camera lucida, the image of the object is usually 

 seen, not in direct line, that is, in the field of the microscope, but in 

 the refracted direction or upon the drawing board. The eye is, in this 

 case, offered the choice between two possible lines of reference and 

 selects, not as would be expected, on a nativistic theory, the perpen- 

 dicular, but a line jn which the dynamic (muscular) element is the deter- 

 minant. The direction of the ray which produces the impression is then 

 comparatively unimportant in determining the place to which we at- 

 tribute to the origin of the stimulation. (Compare review in the last 

 number of this Journal of the article by Professor Stratton on "Inver- 

 sion of the Retinal Image.") c. l. h. 



Color Mixing in the Eye.* 



The above is the continuation of the paper entitled Farbeniduct- 

 ion which appeared in the same periodical for 1895. The paper is too 

 technical to be reviewed in detail in our pages and we must be content 

 with the reproduction of the author's summary of his own conclusions. 

 He has succeeded in so arranging the experiments as to make apparent 

 the blue dispersion observed by Helmholtz in daylight. The most re- 

 frangible rays have a much lower '* threshold both for light excitement 

 and color reaction than the less refrangible rays. Blue-violet, accord- 

 ingly, soon reaches its maximum saturation and maximum luminous- 

 ness. In general, then " When mixed with black as well as in case of 

 any other method of reduction of the energy the right side of the spec- 



' Untersuchung zur Farbenmischung im Auge. K. B. Aars. Videnskabssels- 

 kabets Skrifter, 1897. No. 8. 



