214 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



uniform doors. Some doors were hinged at the bottom, others 

 at the right or left side. This variation also seemed to have little 

 effect on the animal's work, for, after experience in one or two 

 boxes, he seems to attack fastenings rather than doors, unless as 

 happened once, shaking the door would release it. In that case, 

 the door was attacked in about one-half the total number of trials. 

 My difficulty with single or double fastenings was not in mak- 

 ing one sufficiently easy for the raccoon to operate, but rather in 

 making one difficult enough. 



Box I. 20" X 10" X 13". This box had a door in front, hinged at the right (looking outward), and 

 fastened by a button at the left. The door opened outward the instant the button was turned to a ver- 

 tical position. This box had solid sides and back but the front was made of upright slats 1^ inches 

 apart. This fastening is very similar to Kinnaman's' A i, and it corresponds to Thorndike's Box 

 C, save that the door did not drop inward. Had the raccoon's forepaw been bruised or even rapped 

 sharply by the falling door he would have hesitated to open it again. 



Box 2. 14" X 13" X 26". This box had a door in the front six inches from the bottom. It swung 

 outward, was hinged at the right and fastened by a vertical bolt at the top. To this bolt was fastened 

 a cord which passed over a pulley, then down through the top of the box and ended in a loop which 

 hung near the side of the door. Pulling down on the loop raised the bolt and allowed the door to swing 

 open. This box, which we may call ''Loop at front," is comparable with Thorndike's Box A, "O at 

 front." 



Box 3. 26" X 14" X 14", had entirely closed sides with the exception of the front, which was made 

 of vertical slats about one inch apart. On a level with the floor of the box and in the middle from right 

 to left was a front door. This door was hinged at the left and fastened at the right by a horizontal bolt, 

 to which was attached a string which ran in a horizontal position parallel with the front of the box but 

 outside it. The door could be opened by reaching through between the upright slats and clawing the 

 cord which was attached to the bolt. A loose piece on top of the box enabled the experimenter to put 

 the raccoon through the top and then to close the opening by replacing the piece. This is designated in 

 the tables as "ist put-through box," because of the kind of learning it was designed to test. I have 

 compared it with Thorndike's Box E, "String outside." 



Box 4. 14" X 13" X 26", "Loop at back." This was similar to Box 2, "Loop at front," with the 

 addition of a second pulley at the back of the top of the box. The cord passed over both pulleys so 

 that the terminal loop hung in the back of the box. The door was six inches above the floor of the cage. 

 This box is comparable with Thorndike's Box B, "O at back," save that the string could not be clawed 

 where it passed along the top of the box. The only way to open the door, therefore, was to pull down- 

 ward on the loop. 



Box 5. 14" X 13" X 26", "2d put-through box," two fastenings. This was Box 2 with a button 

 added. To open the door it was necessary both to pull the loop and turn the button. Either might 

 be done first. A door was also added at the side of the box through which the experimenter could 

 push the animal into the cage or through which the raccoon could walk into the box. This side-door 

 extended down to the floor. Two raccoons. No. 4 and No. 3, were put through the acts necessary to 

 open the door, the other two were not put through. I have compared this with Thorndike's Box J, 

 "double." 



Box 6. 14" X 13" X 26", two fastenings, was Box 5 except that the loop was now hung in the center. 

 This change was made to test whether the raccoons "would claw at the place where the loop had been," 

 whether this arrangement would change the order in which acts were performed, and whether they 

 would associate this loop with the loop in the other position. 



Box 7. 32" X 20" X 20", two fastenings. Both the sides and the top of this box were made of slats 

 so as to admit light. The door in the middle of the front, hinged at the bottom, swung, or rather fell, 

 outward when the fastenings were released. The latter consisted -of a button at the right of the door 

 and a bolt at the top operated by a loop in the back part of the box. The raccoons went into the box 

 through a door opposite the front door. This box was much larger than the preceding ones so that the 



"KiNNAMAN, .A. J. Mental Life of Two Macacus rhesus Monkeys in Captivity. American 

 Journal Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 98-148, 173-218. 1902, 



