Cole, Intelligence of Raccoojis. 215 



relative positions of loop and button were changed. The object was to see whether these changed posi- 

 tions would delay escape or whether the fastenings would be at once attacked as if recognized in the 

 new positions. This box also has been compared with Thorndike's Box J, "double." 



Box 8. 32" x«2o" X 20", three fastenings. This was Box 7 with an added loop. Thus we had loop 

 I at the left side of the back part of the box, loop 2 at the right side of the back, and button i at the 

 right side of the door. I have compared this with Thorndike's Box L, which consisted of "A (O at 

 front), D (string), I (lever)." It is also comparable with Kinnaman's F 31. 



Box 9. Four fastenings. This was Box 8 with an added button at the left side of the door, "button 



Box 10. 26" X 13" X 14". The ends and back of this box were entirely closed. The top and front 

 were closed with slats only. In the middle of the front was a door hinged at the left. The door was 

 fastened with a thumb-latch which could be released with slight pressure. The bar of the thumb latch 

 would fall back in place unless the door was pushed out a little. This is comparable with Thorndike's 

 Box G, "Thumb-latch." 



Box II. Five fastenings. This was Box 9 plus the thumb-latch which had been learned singly. 

 There were, therefore, 2 buttons, 2 pulleys, and i latch. The latter had to be operated last lest its bar 

 fall back into the catch. 



Box 12. Six fastenings. A third bolt was added to Box 1 1 but the cord from it extended to a treadle 

 or platform which extended across the right end of the box. Depressing the raised end of this treadle 

 released the bolt. 



Box 13. Seven fastenings. This was Box 12 with the addition of a horizontal hook at the left 

 side of the door. For convenience I used the following notation in recording: i = button 1,2 = button 2, 

 i' = loop I, 2' =loop 2, 5 = thumb-latch, 6 = treadle, 7 =hook. 



Box 14. Hook. 26" X 13" X 14". A door hinged at the right and fastened with a horizontal hook 

 was placed in the middle of the front. The animals were put into the box through a door in the back. 

 1 have compared this with Kinnaman's Box 12, "Horizontal hook." 



Box 15. 50" X 20" X 20", one fastening. Imitation. This box was divided into two equal com- 

 partments. A door at the back admitted an animal to either compartment and a door in the partiton 

 allowed me to change a raccoon from one cornpartment to another. The right compartment only had 

 a door in front, which was fastened by means of an old-fashioned barn-door latch. This consisted of 

 a wooden bolt which might be pushed to and fro from either side of the door by means of a pin which 

 passed through the bolt and through the door. Pushing the bolt to the right unfastened the door and 

 it could then be pushed open. The plan was to place a raccoon in the closed compartment and let him 

 see another open the door and get out. After this had been done many times the observer was to be let 

 into the other compartment in order that I might observe whether he had learned by seeing the other 

 open the door. AH sides and the partition were made of poultry wire so that I might count only those 

 times the imitator apparently saw the act performed and so that he could readily see the performance. 



Box 16. Imitation. This was Box 15 plus a second latch placed below the first one. This was a 

 difficult box to open because' pushing either latch to the left fastened the door. In the early trials 

 of course the animals pushed the latches first to one side, then to the other. 



Box 17. 10" x 10" X 4". Imitation. This box had solidly closed sides. A three inch square 

 was sawed out of the top and replaced to close the opening. Round holes at the corners of this square 

 enabled the raccoon to claw it out and he could then reach into the box and get food. The animals 

 secured food by getting into this box, instead of getting out of it. 



Box 18. 36" X 24" X 14". Varying means to an end. An opening was made in the center of the 

 top large enough for the raccoon to go in and get food. This opening could be closed and fastened. 

 The box, which had no bottom, rested on a foundation of a single row of bricks. Removing a brick 

 enabled the animal to crawl through the foundation. The object was to see whether the animal would 

 change promptly from one opening to the other when the opening through which he had been going 

 was closed. If so, perhaps there was some notion of apple-in-box instead of the imageless coupling of 

 a fixed set of muscular movements with a fixed sense impression of the box. 



Box 19. 21" x i8|" X 20", two fastenings. A door in the middle of the front, hinged at the bottom, 

 was fastened by a bolt at the top, operated by a loop inside the cage. It was also fastened by a stick 

 leaning against it from the outside. In addition it had to be pushed open. This is the same as Thorn- 

 dike's Box J. 



Box 20. 21" X 181" X 20", one fastening. Same as Box 19 except that the bolt was removed. Thus 

 the door was fastened only by a stick leaning against it from the outside. 



Box 21. 2oy' X 11" X iiV', three fastenings. This box had a door in the middle of the front, hinged 

 at the bottom and fastened by a lever at each side and also by a wooden plug which was thrust obliquely 



