238 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



cess. This idea lost all motive power as soon as hunger was 

 allayed. 



This difference between the behavior of the raccoons and the 

 cats, occurring as it did with Box i, led me to modify the succeed- 

 ing experiments so as to test further the animal's ability to learn 

 without innervating its muscles. In Box 2 the door was placed 

 six inches above the floor to see whether this would prove to be an 

 obstacle to going back into the box. No. 4 did not begin to go 

 in of her own accord until the fifty-first trial, but she did so very 

 often thereafter. No. 3 went into the box on the first trial, that is, 

 before he had ever been put into it, notwithstanding the difference 

 between the positions of the doors and the size of the boxes. One 

 may explain this behavior, w^hich occurred often afterward, either 

 by association by similarity or by inability to distinguish the 

 differences between the two boxes. My opinion is that the open 

 door at once suggested the usual act of going in. Probably it 

 was the same door to the raccoon. This, however, is a crude 

 association by similarity. "Similarity is partial identity." The 

 differences are entirely unnoticed. No. 2 re-entered the box on 

 the second trial; No. i on the fifth. 



Box 3 was arranged to test further this difference between 

 raccoons and cats. In the first place an opening in the top of the 

 box was covered only by a loose piece of board and the plan was 

 to put the raccoons into the box through this opening, to see whe- 

 ther they would learn this indirect way of entering. Then No. 4 

 and No. 3 were put through the act of opening the door. This 

 was done by holding the animal, taking its paw and placing it 

 on the string then pressing it down until the bolt was withdrawn 

 and the door opened. No. 2 was not put through the act and No. 

 I was not worked in Box 3 



A low step was placed at the end of Box 3 to enable the animals 

 to climb more easily to the top of the box. The order of procedure 

 was as follows: The raccoon came out of a door in the front, 

 was fed, went around to the end of the box, mounted by the step, 

 to the top of the box and dropped through the opening into the 

 box. 



We may discuss first the act of going in. On the seventeenth 

 trial No. 4 went in. On the eighteenth she was held on the box 

 and went in. On the nineteenth she climbed upon the box. On 

 the twenty-first she was put on the box and went in, and so on to 



