Cole, Intelhgenci' of Raccoons. 253 



pull a second loop with one direct pull, though it was in a different 

 part of the box, and the same is true of a second button placed on 

 the opposite side of the door from the first. Now, no one can 

 meet the argument that this is not the noticing of similarity but a 

 failure to notice differences and I have said above that Jack 

 attacked the platform cord ''as if he thought it another loop." 

 We may ask, however. Why he did not so attack the horizontal 

 hook or the wooden plug ? It will not do to reply that they were 

 in new places. It may answer to say that they were more difficult, 

 but even then they should have been attacked, by one of the rac- 

 coons first, even if unsuccessfully. All this is no doubt inconclu- 

 sive. I may say, however, that the raccoons did not give the same 

 experimental warrant for this dialectic reply that cats do. That 

 is, unlike cats, they did not paw at the place where the loop had 

 been nor did they claw at the loop or button when the door was 

 open. I tried moving the loop from place to place in the boxes. 

 Not once even did they claw where it had been; instead they 

 attacked it at the new place with one direct movement. I removed 

 from the box one loop and then another. Each of the raccoons 

 would come to the place where the loop had hung and look up 

 through the slats in the top of the box. Once I had left the loop 

 lying on the top. It was seen by the raccoon, clawed back into 

 the box, and then pulled. With each of the boxes I tried leaving 

 the door open. The raccoons came directly out with no move- 

 ments in the direction of the fastenings. 



Reluctance and Expectancy. — All of the raccoons when hungry 

 were eager to re-enter a box of two, three, or four fastenings. 

 They could escape from these quickly. But they were very reluc- 

 tant, even when hungry, to enter a box of five, six or seven fasten- 

 ings. The small piece of meat they received as a reward seemed 

 to have its effect eclipsed by the memory of the difficulty of escape. 

 I regularly had to put them in Box 13, though they knew the way. 

 Sometimes they resisted strongly by laying hold of the sides of the 

 door and sometimes by snapping at the hand of the experimenter 

 at the moment they were dropped into the box. 



No raccoon would willingly re-enter a box of from one to four 

 fastenings after his hunger was satisfied. One may say that in this 

 case the sensations of satiety and weariness did the work, yet no 

 one who saw the animals resist being put into a box failed to credit 

 them with a rather distinct memory of the difficulty ot escape. 



