254 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



In common with other animals, the raccoon expects food when 

 he has done the thing which usually brings him food. All would 

 come and look up at me on escaping from the box. I tried to 

 test this at some length. An inclined plane of poultry wire was 

 made and No. 3 was fed when he climbed to the top of it. After 

 a few trials the plane was extended twenty-eight inches. When 

 he reached the former terminus he stopped and looked at the experi- 

 menter. The plane was again lengthened with the same result. 

 He always failed to go beyond the old point on the first trial, but 

 on the second he would pause at that point, look about and then 

 go on. 



Varying Means to the Same End. — While No. 3 was on top of 

 Box 16 a piece of apple was dropped through the top. He started 

 down the back side of the box to get it. The door at the back was 

 closed so he came slowly around the long cage into the front door, 

 through which he had never entered before but through which he 

 had escaped, and got the apple. This was repeated. He was 

 fifteen seconds coming around the cage, but three or four seconds 

 were wasted in trying to reach through the wire to get the apple. 

 When this was repeated again, he was twenty seconds coming 

 around but did not reach through, as the apple was too far from 

 any side of the cage for him to reach it. In this case he certainly 

 would have entered the cage at the back had the door been open. 

 As it was closed, he came around to the front door. Further- 

 more, in the third repetition, he would have tried to reach the 

 apple through the wire had it not been too far away. 



In the above examples No. 3 may have seen the apple all the 

 time, though this is doubtful. Box 17 was such that food placed 

 in it could not be seen from outside. It was ten inches square and 

 four inches high, with closed sides. A three inch square was 

 sawed out of the top. This piece could be put in place again thus 

 closing the opening. A staple was fixed in the center of the piece 

 sawed out, so that it might be clawed out and away from the open- 

 ing, which it fitted closely. 



The plan was to throw bits of apple into the box through the 

 opening in its top, allow the raccoon to reach in and get the apple 

 several times, then cover the opening with the piece which had been 

 sawed out. After this had been done with No. 4 she instantly 

 clawed out the block. She seemed to work as if actuated by a 

 thought of apple in the box. It was not done by random clawing, 



