Cole, Intelligence of Raccoons. 257 



"April 19, 1906, Jack. Apparatus, card-displayer as usual. 

 Colors green and red. Fed at green. Green in front and shown 

 first. It is to be shown three times and Jack fed if he responds; 

 then red is to be shown three times and he will not be fed. This 

 order to be maintained except when Jack interrupts it by clawing 

 up colors." 



No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 also made very fair records, but never 

 quite so good as those of No. i. 



When the animal thus reacts perfectly to red and green, and in 

 addition busies himself in clawing the red card down and the green 

 card up, surely his discrimination of the two is perfect. Now we 

 are forced to ask. Why should he put the red card down if it did not 

 fail to correspond luith some image he had in mind, and why when 

 he put the green up should he leave it up and go up on the high 

 box for food // the green did not correspond ivith some image he had 

 in mind? 



The reader may ask why the animal did not always claw up 

 the right card if he knew the right one. The colors could not be 

 seen when the cards were down behind the front ot the displayer, 

 nor could I place them where they would be seen, else as soon as 

 the green card was exposed the animal would go up tor food 

 repeatedly without further clawing. 



Using the card displayer, I now arranged two situations which 

 were identical so far as present sense stimuli were concerned. The 

 only difference was one which had to be remembered, for a mo- 

 ment at least. Three levers were placed on the displayer. One 

 on being raised displayed white, another orange, another blue. 

 The plan was to display white, orange and blue consecutively, 

 then display the same blue three times. I fed the animal if he 

 climbed upon the high box on being shown the series white, 

 orange, blue, and did not feed him after the series, blue, blue, blue. 

 No. I was taught to react properly in this experiment. I then 

 changed the two series to white, blue, red, iood; and red, red, red, 

 no food. 



This I taught to No. 2, No. 3 and No. i. The records of their 

 learning, in groups of fifty trials each, appear below. The later 

 records show that there was almost complete mastery of the 

 situation, though I never completely inhibited the animals' ten- 

 dency to start up on seeing white or blue which were precursors 

 of the red which meant food. Thus the animals all anticipated 



