Cole, Intelligence of Raccoons. 261 



in most of which the animal seemed not to have remembered 

 what colors had preceded the red, suggest that it does. 



It may still be objected, that retaining an image while you raise 

 three or even six colors is hardly retention at all, so short is the 

 time. Of course the fact that the animals made steady and rather 

 uniform progress for six days would show that the impression was 

 not effaced in twenty-four hours. No. i, however, was given a 

 review of his first three-color work after an interval of eighteen 

 days. He did not respond to the three blue cards at all and made 

 but one mistake in twenty trials to the series white-orange-blue, 

 though he did start up at orange six times. The visual images of 

 the colors must therefore have been retained for eighteen days 

 with sufficient clearness to permit successful responses. As No. i 

 does not differ from the others in memory power this result 

 may be accepted as typical. We are, therefore, forced to believe 

 that the raccoon retains visual images. 



SUMMARY. 



1. In the rapidity with which it forms associations the rac- 

 coon seems to stand almost midway between the monkey and the 

 cat, as shown by the numerical records for those animals. In the 

 complexity of the associations it is able to form it stands nearer 

 the monkey. 



2. Long practiced motor associations show a good degree of 

 permanence; others are very transient. The raccoon presents 

 two types of learning and two types of forgetting. 



3. The raccoon discriminates forms, sizes, and tones. It also 

 discriminates cards of different colors and intensities, but it prob- 

 ably responds to the latter quality alone. 



4. I have no evidence that the raccoon imitates its fellows. 

 Long attention to the experimenter's movements apparently 

 arouses in the animal an impulse to attempt the act itself, but 

 this impulse may be entirely spontaneous. 



5. The raccoon certainly learns various acts from being put 

 through them (see summary, p. 248). 



6. My experiments indicate the presence of visual images. 



