424 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psycholos^y. 



3. Lubbock was right when he said, "In determining their 

 course ants are greatly influenced by the direction of the light." 



4. The color of the pathway has no, or little, effect on the 

 home-going of ants. There are a few doubtful cases where the 

 hue may have had some effect. There are many in which pro- 

 nounced changes in the brightness of the pathway seem to affect 

 the ants. 



5. In their wanderings, ants are influenced by olfactory {i.e., 

 topochemical), optic, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile stimuli. 



6. Ants seem to have fairly definite impressions of direction 

 in both horizontal and vertical planes, and also impressions of 

 distance. 



7. They are enabled to take long round trips by learning by 

 experience and retaining what they thus learn. 



8. They have associative memory. 



9. Such cases of division of labor as Romanes — quoting from 

 MoGGRiDGE, Lespes, Belt and Herr Gredler — describes in 

 his "Animal Intelligence," are to be looked upon as cases of coinci- 

 dence rather than as examples of mutual cooperation. 



10. In their home-goings, ants display marked individual 

 variations. 



11. They are not guided by a hommg mstinct. 



12. Whde conducting these experiments, I have made many 

 observations, unrecorded in the body of the text, which show that 

 Wheeler is right in emphasizing the high development of the 

 female, for the winged females often take part in the regular duties 

 of the nest. I have had them learn the way home from new situa- 

 tions and assist the workers in carrying the pupse home. 



13. The males seem unable to solve even the simplest problems. 



14. The major workers of Pheidole, which Ernest Andre 

 claims function as soldiers and do not take any active part in the 

 ordinary work of the nest, frequently assist the workers in making 

 excavations and, occasionally, assist in conveying pupae from one 

 place to another. I have never noticed one continue to carry pupae 

 for any considerable length of time. This statement is based 

 upon numerous observations which were omitted from the body 

 of the text on account of lack of space. 



15. Ants are much more than mere reflex machines; they are 

 self-acting creatures guided by memories of past individual (onto- 

 genetic) experience. 



